북유럽의 성범죄자 화학적 거세제도에 관한 연구 = A Study on Chemical Castration System of Sexual Offenders in Nordic Europe

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Nordic europe castration system originated from an eugenic background. Denmark was established in 1929, Norway in 1934, Finland in 1935 and Sweden in 1944. It was changed from physical castration to chemical castration. The issue of chemical castration in the Nordic countries is firstly criticized as the lack of awareness of the sexuality of criminal justice workers. Second, it is a matter of chemical castration effect and spontaneity. Third, chemical castration has an eugenic intent and this is a criticism that it leads to the social breakdown of sex offenders pretending to treat. Fourth, it conflicts with international human rights norms. The UN Convention on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of the European Union . Fifth, there are problems of side effects and reversibility of hormone therapy. Sixth, there is a problem of medical ethics and the absence of standard chemical castration manuals. They are faced with the criticism that the medical staff in charge of each subject is different and the medical staff is obliged to replace the duty of the criminal justice authority.
In order to reduce the human rights abuses against chemical castration in Korea, it is necessary to seek system improvement by modeling the case of Northern Europe. The government pays for the cost of the treatment, and the execution of the order of remedy should be done during offense rather than termination.
It is also necessary to develop treatment manuals so as not to be contrary to medical ethics, and to improve the overall system so that they do not violate the human rights spirit of international norms such as the United Nations Convention on Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

북유럽의 거세제도는 우생학적 배경에서 덴마크가 1929년, 노르웨이가 1934년에, 핀란드가 1935년에 스웨덴이 1944년에 각각 관련법을 제정하여 시행되었다. 이는 물리적 거세에서 화학적 거세방법으로 변화되었다. 북유럽국가의 화학적 거세에 대한 이슈는 첫째, 형사사법기관 종사자의 섹슈얼리티에 대한 몰이해라는 비난이 있다. 둘째, 화학적 거세 효과와 그 자발성의 문제이다. 셋째, 화학적 거세가 우생학적 취지를 담고 있고, 이는 치료를 가장한 성범죄자의 사회적 단절을 가져온다는 비난이다. 넷째, 국제인권규범과 충돌하고 있다. 즉, 유엔의 고문 및 기타 잔혹한, 비인간적이거나 굴욕적인 대우 또는 처벌에 관한 협약, 세계인권선언, 시민적 및 정치적 권리에 관한 국제규약, 유럽연합의 인권과 기본적 자유의 보호를 위한 유럽협약 등의 정신에 반한다는 점이다. 다섯째, 호르몬 치료의 부작용과 그 효과의 가역성의 문제가 있다. 여섯째, 표준적인 화학적 거세 매뉴얼의 부재와 의료윤리의 문제가 있다. 화학적 거세 대상자 마다 담당하는 의료진이 다르며, 형사사법기관의 의무를 의료진이 대체토록 한다는 비난에 직면한 것이다. 한국도 화학적 거세제에 대한 인권침해 시비를 줄이기 위해서는 북유럽의 경우를 모델 삼아 제도개선을 모색할 필요가 있다. 우선 국가가 치료비용을 부담하며, 치료명령의 집행은 형기종료가 아니라 형기 중에 이루어져야 한다. 또한 의료윤리를 존중하며, 유엔의 고문 및 기타 잔혹한, 비인간적이거나 굴욕적인 대우 또는 처벌에 관한 협약 등 국제규범의 인권정신에 반하지 않도록 전반적인 제도정비가 필요하다.

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