해방 직후 서울지역의 주택부족문제 연구 : 유입인구의 증가와 관련하여(1945-1948) = A Study about Housing Shortage of Seoul just after Liberation
저자
이연식 (서울시립대학교 박사과정)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2001
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
617.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
209-273(65쪽)
제공처
소장기관
After Liberation (8.15, 1945), a great number of Koreans flowed into the Korean Peninsula. In the case of South Korea, owing to the influx of Koreans from abroad in the period of a year from August 1945, the population has increased from about 16.8 million to 19.3 million.
Though the increase of population occurred all over the prefectures in South Korea, the population of Seoul increased most strikingly by the influx of returnees from North Korea and repatriates from Manchuria, Japan, and so on.
The new people who came to South Korea became worse off in the course of moving there, due to the restrictions of property-entry by SCAP(Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers) or to confiscation in China or North Korea. Therefore, wherever they might have come from, they were called Refugees, meaning that they were all people who asked for immediate relief from society.
On account of the increase of population in Seoul, the concerned authorities couldn't but take steps in order to secure not only buildings to accommodate but emergency food to serve them.
To ease this problem, it was necessary to introduce three measures - dispersion of population into provinces that were low in population density, supply of new houses, re-usage of vested property (real estates owned by Japanese government and civilians) - and to combine these policies properly.
To have the people who flowed into Seoul disperse and to provide new houses for them had low possibility. For the success of this procedure, USAMGIK (United States Military Government In Korea) had to make local agriculture prosperous so that people could have gone to the countryside voluntarily. But it took a great deal of time and money to perform the reorganization of the transfer of ownership, and to secure fertilizers and funds for them to settle down. Even if budget had been high, it was extremely difficult to materials for construction after destruction of Manchuria-Korea-Japan block.
In that sense, USAMGIK, that was running deficit budget, should have realized the importance and urgency of making use of vested property - the houses, stores, apartments, and even facilities like military barracks. Furthermore, most of the people and political parties in Korea proposed that the properties should be used for refugees from other areas to ease the housing problem, and to uproot the vestige of the past history under imperialism. At the back of this assertion, it was recognized that the vested property belonged to all Koreans, so most of the Koreans insisted that USAMGIK should just play a role to manage the property as it was and to transfer it to Korea after the official government was established.
Taking everything into consideration, the use of vested properties practically was both the most effective and reasonable solution. But at first, USAMGIK approached the matter based on the concept of private ownership, and allowed anyone to buy and sell it. Nevertheless the measure didn't last long because of violent opposition, so USAMGIK introduced the system of rental contract, declaring former trade invalid, and then started to build low-price houses.
In the long run, the refugees had no ability to purchase the house, so some of them had no choice but to wander around Seoul, and the vested property was taken into the hands of a few speculators connected with USAMGIK.
Behind this situation, there were USAMGIK's corruption and a policy that emphasized political stability to prevent the spreading of communism, which was their main purpose.
To build low-price houses was just a political card to cope with the criticism concerning USAMGIK's wrong policy and disregarding attitude towards housing problems.
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