미국의 직업교육과 사회이동에 관한 종합적 고찰 - 직업교육훈련(Vocational Education Training, VET) 프로그램 효과와 정책 사례를 중심으로 - = A Comprehensive Review on Vocational Education and Social Mobility in the US: Antecedent and Consequence of Vocational Education Training (VET) Program and Policy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to review scholarly and policy discussions on what vocational education has brought in terms of social mobility in US and to provide insight for a Korean society. For this, I first put two contrasting perspectives, functionalism and conflict theory on vocational education in the US context and synthesize key literature which analyzes the relationship between vocational education and social mobility. In particular, time-series approach is applied for exploring antecedent and consequence of Vocational Education Training (VET) program by reviewing empirical studies drawing on National Longitudinal Study of 1972(NLS-72), High School and Beyond (HSB), National Education Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS: 88) and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Also, I scrutinize the contemporary research on vocational education effect of the American adult population using Programme for International Assessment Adult Competencies(PIAAC). Lastly, I study how the US federal government has intervened in the field of Vocational Education Training (VET) and present implications of the US case for Korea.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 미국 내 직업교육과 사회이동성에 대한 학술적·정책적 논의를 고찰하여 한국 사회에 주는 시사점을 모색하는 데 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 미국 사회 맥락에서 직업교육의 기능과 한계를 설명하는 이론을 정리하고, 직업교육과 사회이동의 관계를 실증적으로 분석한 연구 동향을 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 미국 교육통계청(National Center for Education Statistics, NCES)의 대규모 교육자료인 National Longitudinal Study of 1972(NLS-72), High School and Beyond (HSB), National Education Longitudinal Survey of 1988 (NELS: 88), 미국 노동통계국(Bureau of Labor Statistics)의 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY)와 경제협력개발기구(OECD)의 Programme for International Assessment Adult Competencies(PIAAC) 자료분석을 바탕으로 직업교육훈련(Vocational Education Training, VET) 프로그램 효과를 실증한 연구 결과를 시계열적으로 탐색하였다. 아울러 직업교육의 효과를 제고하기 위해 도입된 미국 내 직업교육훈련(VET) 주요 정책을 살펴보고, 미국 사례가 주는 시사점을 결론에 제시하였다.

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