외상 후 스트레스 장애와 관련된 자서전적 외상 기억의 조직화 특성 = The characteristics of autobiographical trauma memory organization associated with posttraumatic stress disorder

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Most people recover from traumatic experience, however, some develop posttrauma symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One of characteristics of PTSD is that the posttrauma symptoms are closely related to the memory of the traumatic incident. Recent empirical studies have suggested that the characteristics of autobiographical trauma memory is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, including how the survivors remember or retrieve their experience, how the memory details are well-connected with one another, and how well organized or fragmented such autobiographical trauma memories are. However the evidences so far have been unclear and inconsistent in conceptualizing the mechanisms of how trauma memories operate. The present study reviews both the empirical and the theoretical research on autobiographical trauma memory of PTSD. We also present the notions of micro-organization and macro-organizations of trauma memory in explaining the inconsistent findings from previous research. Future research directions and clinical implications are discussed as well.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

외상적 사건을 경험한 이후에 대부분의 사람들은 외상 경험으로부터 회복되지만 일부 사람들은 외상으로 인한 심리적 후유증을 호소하는데 대표적으로 외상 후 스트레스 장애(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; PTSD)가 있다. 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 특징 가운데 하나는 외상 후 심리적 고통과 부적응이 외상 사건의 기억과 밀접한 관련성을 지니고 있다는 것이다. 의식적 수준에서 회상되는 외상 기억인 자서전적 외상 기억(autobiographical trauma memory)에 관심을 가져온 여러 경험적 연구들은 외상 사건을 현재 어떻게 기억하고 있으며 그 세부 내용들은 어떻게 연결되어 있는지, 기억의 조직화 여부에 따라 외상 후 심리적 반응은 달라질 수 있다고 설명한다. 하지만 외상 후 스트레스 증상과 관련된 자서전적 외상 기억의 조직화 특성에 관해 일관되지 않은 경험적 근거들이 제시되고 있어 그 관계가 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 외상 후 스트레스 증상과 관련된 자서전적 외상 기억의 조직화 특성에 관한 경험적 연구들의 논쟁을 살펴보고 이와 같은 논쟁을 다양한 관점에서 이해하고자 하였다. 특히, 선행 연구들에서 조직화 특성에 대한 이해와 접근 차이를 보이는 것에 주목하고 미시적 조직화와 거시적 조직화의 개념을 처음으로 소개하며 이러한 개념적 차이가 앞서 언급한 논쟁과는 어떻게 관련되는지를 함께 제시하였다.

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