KCI등재
나주(羅州)의 버려진 땅, 낙인과 차별의 공간 : 호혜원(互惠園) 한센인의 삶과 인권 = Abandoned Land in Naju (羅州), an Area of Stigma and Discrimination: The Lives and Human Rights of People Affected by Hansen’s Disease in Hohyeowon (互惠園)
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2023
작성언어
Korean
주제어
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
265-300(36쪽)
DOI식별코드
제공처
소장기관
When we think of Hansen’s disease, we naturally think of Sorokdo (小鹿島) in Goheung (高興). Sorokdo was a place of suffering where people affected by Hansen’s disease were socially isolated and excluded from society for a long time, as the stigma and discrimination against Hansen’s disease were shaped by modern germ theory. From 1946, treatment of Hansen’s disease became possible with the introduction of DDS(Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone) drugs in Korea. Some people affected by Hansen’s disease, who were able to live independently, formed new communities in settlements in the 1950s. In Jeolla Province, many settlements were established, starting with Hohyeowon (互惠園) in Naju in 1946. Hohyeowon was founded in April 1946, when more than 370 homeless lepers from Jeollanam-do gathered in Sindori (新道里), Sanpo-myeon (山浦面), Naju, and began living in a settlement. Later, in the early 1950s, a community of lepers in Songjeong-ri (松汀里), Gwangju (光州), led by Choi Woo-sik, joined Hohyeowon, and through the efforts of Choi Heung-jong (崔興琮), the settlement was approved in 1952, with Lee Sung-min as its director. In 1954, the four villages of Pyeong-hwa, Mang-wol, Sae-byeok, and Hee-mang were united under the name of Hohyeowon, meaning “Let’s be kind to each other,” and in 1956, the settlement was officially approved by the government.
Since its founding in 1946, Hohyeowon has been involved in a number of conflicts. Internally, there were conflicts over the leadership of Hohyeowon, and externally, Hohyeowon was attacked by neighbors who opposed the settlement of people affected by Hansen’s disease. They were not allowed freedom of movement until the Epidemic Prevention Decree was revised in 1963, so they were kept isolated in settlements and monitored and controlled. Dependent on relief rice from Jeollanam-do and support from overseas aid organizations, the people affected by Hansen’s disease suffered poverty and starvation, leading to mass desertions. Religious conflicts also occurred within Hohyeowon, and the residents of Hohyeowon settlement were subjected to punishments, such as food rationing, land confiscation, and deportation, all under the control of the superior superintendent. In 1963, an amendment to the Epidemic Prevention Ordinance allowed the people affected by Hansen’s disease relative freedom of movement and allowed them to live in settlements with their children. However, the children of people affected by Hansen’s disease were denied the right to education, and campaigns were waged against their enrollment in elementary schools. The stigma and discrimination against people affected by Hansen’s disease were passed on to their children. Later, in 1971, the residents of Hohyeowon settlement tried to support itself through animal husbandry after Mrs. Yuk Young-soo (陸英修) donated pigs. However, animal husbandry reproduced the social stigma that people with Hansen’s disease equate to pollution, which equates to stink, and extended stigma of Hansen’s disease into an aversion to industry or space. After the construction of Naju Innovation City in 2013, Hohyeowon was semi-forcibly dismantled in 2015 with the signing of the “Agreement on the Closure of Hohyeowon Livestock Farm” in response to various complaints about odor. Hohyeowon, a space of stigma and discrimination, had to disappear to make way for a “luxury innovation city.”
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