1926-1935년 重慶의 ‘內的’ㆍ‘人的’ 요소와 도시근대화 = 조정요망

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was conducted as a part of the history of urban transformation, namely, how urban spaces have reflected and structured historic situations, focused on people living in cities and urban societies.
Among the open port cities under the treaty system, the centers (coastal areas) and the surroundings (inland areas) show very remarkable differences from each other. The opening of Chongqing was around 50 years later than Shanghai, and the coastal cities represented by Shanghai had already been substantially modernized. When Shanghai had gradually been positioned at the center of Chinese modernization, Chongqing in the deep inland was very slow in modernization and was merely a region remote from the center owning most of traditions. However, the influence of the centers on the surroundings was much stronger than the shock of ‘port opening.’
The prosperity and development of steamship transportation business on the Chuan River and the high enthusiasm of Chongqing city administrators, managers and supporters provided favorable conditions for the influence of the centers (coastal cities) to infiltrate into relatively closed environment. In particular, urban constructors (劉湘, 潘文華, 盧作孚, 劉航琛, 胡光?, 胡仲實, 康心如, 楊燦三, 何北衡 etc.) who tried to connect Chongqing, an enclosed world in the inland, to the outside, the open world, and to cope with rapidly changing global trends had direct impacts on the process of urban development.
This meant that Chongqing was faced with the time to accept modern things. The modernization of Chongqing was a process that the influence of ‘the centers’ was continuously exerted on inland Chongqing full of obsolete and premodern things. However, in very ‘diverse’ modern changes (urbanization, the development of commerce and industry, people’s value system or cultural consciousness, change in the existence pattern of pubic areas), the urbanization of Chongqing basically concentrated on ‘construction’ imitating the material aspect of large cities such as Shanghai. In general, the urbanization process included education, police and organization services related to transportation, energy, telecommunication, water supply, education, health, public administration and other facilities. On the other hand, as revealed by the expression ‘downstream people (downstream culture),’ the historical and spatial distance was too large to achieve a cohesive force of unified Chinese culture and this meant the requirement of time and effort as that much.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 머리말
• 1. ‘內力’을 주체로 한 도시 발전의 배경
• 2. 중경 도시 건설의 실상
• 3. ‘人的’ 인프라와 갈등ㆍ협력의 구조
• 맺음말

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 (3) : 1927
• 2 王掄楦, "劉航琛從政內幕" 22 :
• 3 劉航琛, "劉航琛先生訪問紀錄" 中央硏究院近代史硏究所 1990
• 4 "劉湘宣告離省回渝電"
• 5 "劉湘在總商會向民衆演說司"
• 6 周開慶, "劉湘先生年譜" 四川文獻硏究社 1975
• 7 "劉湘"
• 8 李又漁, "兩年來之船政" 51 : 57-, 1934
• 9 "盧作孚與重慶都市現代化 : 1927-1937" 사천사범대학 2002
• 10 凌耀倫, "盧作孚文集" 北京大學出版社 169-, 1999
• 11 "盧作孚, In 『四川近現代人物傳』 1輯" 136-,
• 12 貴布根康吉, "중경-의창 간 항로 취조의 건"
• 13 淸水芳次郞, "양자강 상류에서의 열국 항업 발전"
• 14 "신중화"
• 15 김희신, "사천성내 유상세력의 확대와 중경지배" 8ㆍ9 : 2003
• 16 "부흥월간"
• 17 "독립평론"
• 18 "대공보"
• 19 김희신, "국민정부시기 사천의 지역정권과 국가통합" 2004
• 20 "국문주보"
• 21 池永林一, "관할내 구역상황 취조의 건"
• 22 江天鳳, "長江航運史(近代部分)" 人民交通出版社 1992
• 23 田畑光永, "長江上流の影薄き夢の跡 - 重慶租界, In 中國における日本租界: 重慶ㆍ漢口ㆍ杭州ㆍ上海" 御茶の水書房 2006
• 24 張友誼, "重慶開埠與近代四川對外貿易的變化" (9) : 2005
• 25 陸遠權, "重慶開埠與新型商品流通機制的逐步形成" (3) : 2004
• 26 陸遠權, "重慶開埠與四川社會的近代化進程" (2) : 2004
• 27 "重慶開埠史考"
• 28 "重慶開埠史稿"
• 29 "重慶開埠史"
• 30 "重慶通史"
• 31 藤井又一, "重慶槪覽"
• 32 鄧沛, "重慶日租界的收回" (5) : 1998
• 33 "重慶抗戰紀事 續編"
• 34 "重慶抗戰紀事"
• 35 余楚修, "重慶建置沿革" 重慶出版社 43-45, 1998
• 36 潘夕潮, "重慶建市與首任市長潘文華" 45-,
• 37 "重慶城市硏究"
• 38 "重慶:一个內陸城市的屈起"
• 39 黃淑君, "重庆王家沱日本租界始末" (3) : 1989
• 40 隗瀛濤, "近代重慶城市史" 四川大學 1991
• 41 "近代重慶城市史"
• 42 陳松, "近代重慶城區挑夫探微" 6 (6): 2006
• 43 "近代武漢城市史"
• 44 王迪, "跨出封閉的世界-長江上游區域社會的硏究" 中華書局 292-293, 2001
• 45 "論重慶在抗日戰爭時期的地位"
• 46 鄭維寬, "論淸代重慶在川東經濟中心地位的形成" (3) : 1998
• 47 "論國民政府遷都重慶的意義與作用"
• 48 肖欣, "試論盧作孚的社會整合思想" (5) : 2007
• 49 郝明工, "試論陪道重慶的文化建構揚維度" (3) : 2006
• 50 "試論抗戰的西南城市民衆生活習俗的變遷"
• 51 劉重來, "試析盧作孚與民生公司的企業文化精神" (8) : 2005
• 52 謝本書, "西南十軍閥" 78-88,
• 53 "袁祖銘離渝通電"
• 54 "袁祖銘通告離師回黔" 4 : 251-252, 1929
• 55 "胡仲實, In 『四川近現代人物傳』 4집" 192-,
• 56 鄧曉, "老重慶的城門與碼頭文化" (1) : 2005
• 57 巴月, "淸初到開埠前後重慶區域人口與城市人口, In 一个世紀的歷程 - 紀念重慶開埠100周年" 重慶出版社 232-, 1992
• 58 胡光麃, "波逐六十年" 臺灣文海出版社 1974
• 59 徐英華, "民生公司的人本管理"
• 60 蜀俠, "民生公司發展史"
• 61 "民國巴縣志"
• 62 周開慶, "民國四川史事續集" 83-101, 1976
• 63 周開慶, "民國四川史事三集" 121-134, 1979
• 64 "楊燦三, In 『四川近現代人物傳』 2집"
• 65 李維城, "楊氏家族与聚興誠銀行" 33 : 240-,
• 66 "楊森九十憶往(4)" 31 (31): 119-, 1977
• 67 "東方雜誌"
• 68 張仲禮, "東南沿海城市與中國近代化" 上海人民出版社 1996
• 69 "新重慶"
• 70 陸思紅, "新重慶" 中華書局 23-, 1939
• 71 "新都見聞錄"
• 72 "新民報"
• 73 李榮忠, "收回重慶王家沱日租界鬪爭檔案選" (1) : 1985
• 74 "抗日戰爭與重慶成市近代化"
• 75 "抗日戰爭時期的工業內遷與西部開發"
• 76 "抗日戰爭時期中國西部城市的發展"
• 77 "抗戰時期重慶戰時生産局的建立及其作用"
• 78 "抗戰時期重慶大?炸對重慶城市社會變遷的影響"
• 79 "抗戰時期重慶地位的變化和重慶人民的歷史使命"
• 80 宋開友, "抗戰前的盧作孚與民生公司" (4) : 2001
• 81 劉航琛, "戎幕半生" 文海出版社 1978
• 82 劉航琛, "戎幕半生"
• 83 蘇偉, "怎樣看待重慶在西部大開發中的優劣勢 - 渝, 溶, 西安城市競爭力比較硏究" (5) : 2005
• 84 臧啓芳, "市政和促進市政之方法" 20 (20): 15-16, 1925
• 85 "市政全書"
• 86 "巴縣志"
• 87 邢長銘, "巴縣及重慶實習調査日記, In 『民國20年代中國大陸土地問題資料』 139집" 대만영인출판
• 88 陳書農, "川軍八軍同盟反對劉湘的經過" 4 : 144-150,
• 89 惠英, "封建勢力瀰漫的四川" (2) : 163-, 1934
• 90 "大路建設"
• 91 王東杰, "地方觀念和國家觀念的衝突与互助:1936年<川行瑣記>風波" (1) : 2004
• 92 趙萬民, "地域文化: 一个城市發展硏究的新視野-以重慶, 香港爲例" 23 : 2005
• 93 "在重慶領事館報告" 1919
• 94 "在抗日戰爭史上的歷史地位與重大貢獻"
• 95 康心如, "回顧四川美豊銀行" 7 : 34-,
• 96 "四川經濟之分析及其重要性" 4 (4): 16-, 1934
• 97 金希信, "四川省 防區體制와 地域統治―21軍 防區의 團務 改革을 중심으로(1926~1934)―" 중국근현대사학회 18 : 29-48, 2003
• 98 王廷科, "參謀團入川紀實" 25 : 194-,
• 99 "公安局管內外僑統計表"
• 100 "付令, 唐韋貞, ｢重慶VS成都, 歷史的偶然還是必然?｣, 2006-5"
• 101 張瑾, "二十世紀二三十年代“上海模式”對重慶的衝擊" (3) : 114-, 2000
• 102 張瑾, "二十世紀二三十年代“上海模式”對重慶的衝擊" (3) : 2000
• 103 潘文華, "九年來之重慶市政"
• 104 費成康, "中國租界史" 上海社會科學出版社 1991
• 105 "中國的建設問題與人的訓練"
• 106 王洸, "中國水運志" 臺灣中華大典編會 86-87, 1966
• 107 大里浩秋, "中國における日本租界: 重慶ㆍ漢口ㆍ杭州ㆍ上海" 御茶の水書房 2006
• 108 王德昱, "不能怎却的記憶-1901～1937年重慶日本租界剖析" (4) : 2001
• 109 朱培麟, "三峽地區近代交通史略(1)(2)" 4 (4): 2004
• 110 今井 駿, "ある地方官僚の生涯-その1, 劉航琛について-, In 四川省と近代中國" 汲古書店 2007
• 111 "『重慶抗戰叢書』 總16卷" 1995
• 112 "『重慶市志』 제1권" 사천대학출판사 774-775, 1992
• 113 "『抗戰時期的大西南叢書』 總10卷" 1986
• 114 溫賢美, "『四川通史』 7冊" 四川大學 41-47, 1994
• 115 "『四川近現代人物傳』 1ㆍ3ㆍ4ㆍ6輯" 四川大學出版社
• 116 費正淸, "『劍橋中華民國史』 1" 上海人民出版社 336-, 1991
• 117 王鐵崖, "『中外舊約章滙編』 제2책" 三聯書店 1957
• 118 Kristin Stapleton, "Yang Sen in Chengdu Urban Planning in the Interior, In Remarking the Chinese city: Modernity and National identity, 1900-1950" University of Hawaii Press 2000
• 119 Robert A. Kapp, "Chungking as a center of Warlord Power, In The China City Between Two Worlds" 1974
• 120 周勇, "1922-1931年重慶海關10年報告, In 近代重慶經濟與社會發展:1876-1949" 四川大學出版社 351-, 1987
• 121 周勇, "1920․1921․1922年度報告, In 近代重慶經濟與社會發展" 四川大學出版社 438-440, 1987
• 122 范崇實, "1920-1922年的四川軍閥混戰" (4) : 1-23, 1962
• 123 周勇, "1892년-1901年重慶海關10年調査報告, In 近代重慶經濟與社會發展:1876-1949" 四川大學出版社 108-122, 1987