사과의 감압저장법의 개발 = A Study on Apple Storage at Subatmospheric Pressure
Rolls, Janathan, and American Summer Pearmain were used in this experiment. This experiment was conducted under 0˚ and 20℃ at subatmospheric pressure, respectively.
we found to examine physiological changes of apple under storage and the rate of respiration of apple in order to decide the time of harvesting.
The summary results were as follows.
A. Physiological Changes of Apples Stored Under Reduced Atmospheric Pressure.
1. Rate of Respiration
(1) Lower rates of respiration were observed under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure other storage conditions being equal.
(2) American Summer Pearmain apples showed the biggest rate of respiration, followed by Jonathan apples. Rolls apples showed the smallest rate of respiration among three varieties.
(3) The rate of respiration of apples stored under reduced atmospheric pressure changed less remarkably than that of apples stored under normal atmospheric pressure when these apples were taken out of the storage rooms, and their surrounding temperature and atmospheric pressure were changed.
(4) change of the rate of respiration was more marked in an O^2-chamber than in an air-chamber. A serious physiological breakdown was observed in a N_2-chamber and in a CO_2-chamber.
2. Production of Ethylene
(1) The action of ethylene as a ripening hormone for apples was supressed by reducing the atmospheric pressure of the storage chamber.
(2) The order of amount of ethylene production was American summer Pearmain, Jonathan, and Rolls. The ethylene production was larger under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure without respect to the variety of apples.
(3) Ethylene production of apples was reduced by lowering the temperature of the storage chamber
(4) The rate of ethylene formation increased markedly when apples were stored in a cold chamber and than the temperature and atmospheric pressure were changed. This phenomenon, however, was less marked for the apples stored in the reduced atmospheric pressure chamber than for those in the normal atmospheric pressure chamber.
(5) The ethylene production in the O_2-storage chamber was about 80 times as large as that in air-storage chamber at 20℃. The rate of ethylene production reached a maximum in 12 days in the O_2-chamber, but the ethylene production increased continuously in the air-chamber. In the N_2-chamber and the CO_2-chamber ethylene production was small. Generally the ethylene concentration in the atmosphere of the storage chamber was smaller under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure.
3. Acidity
Acidity was lowered from 0.68% to 0.36%, 0.50%, or 0.56% when Jonathans were stored in an uncontrolled atmospheric chamber, a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure chamber, and a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively.
4. Change of Weight
Decrease in weight under the same conditions as the above 3, was 6.2%, 3.6% and 2.8% when stored in an uncontrolled chamber, in a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure, chamber, and in a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively.
5. Decaying
Decaying ratio showed also the same order as 4, and was 18.5%, 7.4%, and 3.6% in an uncontrolled chamber, in a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure chamber, and in a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively.
6. Enzyme Activity
(1) Catecholase activity of apples decreased with storage duration.
(2) The order of catecholase activity was Rolls, American summer Pearmain and Jonathan.
(3) Catecholase activity was higher in apples stored under reduced atmospheric pressure than in those stored under normal atmospheric pressure regardless of the variety.
B. Preliminary Investigations for Practical Uses
1. It is possible to calculate the concentration of carbon dioxide in a storage chamber atmosphers since the rate of carbon dioxide production was almost constant according to the storage conditions. Therefore the storage chamber was successfully maintained at 5% carbon dioxide by controlling ventilation.
2. With a simple automatic controller, the storage chamber atmosphere was maintained at an appropriate reduced pressure.
3. Poly ethylene film, which is most permeable for gases among several common plastic films, was found to be adoptable as an apple wrapper for reduced atmospheric pressure storage.
C. Investigation of the Time of Harvest
Observations of the rate of respiration of apple during growing made in possible to predict the optimal time of harvest. The optimal times of harvest are around September 23 and October 26 for Jonathan and Rolls apples respectively.
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