17ㆍ18세기의 서울을 배경으로 한 文會圖 = Paintings of Literati Gatherings in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-century Seoul
저자
조규희 (하버드 옌칭연구소 객원연구원)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2001
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
650.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
45-81(37쪽)
제공처
소장기관
Paintings of Literati Gatherings in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-century Seoul
Literati gatherings were very popular in the Choson dynasty. These literati meetings may include various social gatherings such as literati kyeboe, kiyongboe, and kiroboe(meeting of the elders). However, unlike literati kye meetings that were mostly held by colleagues in the same government bureaus or having passed the civil service examination in the same year, literati gatherings, munboe, usually took place among close and private friends. In this sense, the term munboe can be different from literati kye gatherings.
Thus, munboe in this article means a rather informal, occasional, small scale, and voluntary meeting. These gatherings were prevalent especially during the late Choson period. In most cases, literati groups not only wanted to commemorate their meetings but also usually were good at calligraphy and painting, therefore would record their meetings in those media. In this gathering, literati shared their common interest and enjoyed aesthetic pleasures such as reading books, writing some poetry, and drawing pictures as well as appreciating antiques, old books, and paintings.
Seoul was a center of these literati gatherings. These private meetings were mainly held at literati's studios or gardens in Seoul. The literati groups also had their gatherings in the beautiful scenery; thus they enjoyed mountain or riverside scenary of Seoul together.
Scholars in Seoul were open to the new cultural trend. They were receptive to the culture of the late Ming literati from around the mid-seventeenth century. During the late Ming period(1573-1644), literati enjoyed their elegant gatherings with close friends in their private gardens and studios. They took pleasure in burning incense, drinking tea, playing the lute, and playing the go game. Paintings of literati gatherings also seemed to be produced under this cross-cultural context. Thereafter illustrations of munboe became popular in the late Choson period. Munboedo has a different background as well as a distinct painting form and style from kyehoedo in this regard.
Munboedo is broadly divided into those drawn against a backdrop of a garden and those with a backdrop of a beautiful scenery. In case of the elegant gatherings in literati's gardens, there were usually literati who were expert in paintings. Thus, the scene of the meeting used to be depicted casually by literati. Instead of representing the meeting carefully like professional painters, literati painters depicted the scene like a sketch. However, they effectively expressed their literati taste in their munboedo through the objects in their paintings such as books, antiques, the lute, and the inkstone. Moreover, painters who had a status of wibang munin also took participate in their gatherings and painted the scene of the meeting. In this case, these paintings seemed to be more idealized than actual scene. It seemed to reflect their desire to join the main stream of literati class.
In case of literati gatherings held in a beautiful scenery, the meeting generally required preparation for their stay in a beautiful natural environment. In this kind of gatherings, professional painters frequently joined there. It seemed important that literati gatherings for the pleasure trip, boeyu, were accompanied by high-level painters, because painters with high reputation would contribute to the elegance of their meetings. We can see the name of the great artists like Yi Ching(b.1581), Chong Son(1676-1759), and Kim Hongdo(b.1745) from many records related to painting of literati gatherings in a natural setting(boeyodo).
The research about records and paintings for gatherings of literati who lived in Seoul may contribute to the reconstruction of the lost scene of Seoul and literati's culture.
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