Hemingway의 永원한 삶 = Hemingway's Everlasting Life
저자
權純憙 (강원대학교 사범대학 영어교육과)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1981
작성언어
Korean
KDC
840.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
3-18(16쪽)
제공처
As we know, Ernest Miller Hemingway is generally acknowledged to be one of the most significant writer of twentieth-century American literature. In 1953 he won the Pulitzer Prize for The Old Ma* and the Sea an epic account of man's struggle against the forces of nature. He was also awarded the Noble prize for Literature in the following year 1954.
The Old Man and the Sea is the cry simple and interesting story which was written at his age 53 after his thought had reached maturity. Throughout The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago is given heroic proportions. He is an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days without taking a fish. But he is a strange old man, still powerful and still wise in all the ways of his trade. After he books the great marlin, he fights him with excellent skill and endurace, showing what a man can do and what a man endures. And when the sharks come, he is determined to fight them until he dies, because he knows that a man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but, not defeated.
In this novel, Santiago shows the courage and the strength and the will of man fighting against the forces of nature. But the talc of Santiago's bravery alone does not appeal to us, because such a talc is no more than the surface value of The Old Man and the Sea, Then, what is the deep value of this novel? That is the theme of this novel.
We know that Hemingway dealt with a lot of death in his early works as his literary themes. Hemingway's death is not an ordinary one but a tragic catastrophe which momentarily breaks out and usually carries utmost cruelty. Considering his life from the view point of catastrophe, man can instantly find out that there is a moment of truth, which he would identify the value of his life and try to accomplish it. Thus, by confrontiong reality, especially death, at any time and anywhere, Hemingway would not only experience the moment of truth, but try to elucidate the value of his life. This means that he contemplated the life with death as its starting point. Hemingway believes that to live is to fight. If it is true, we can escape from the bitters of life, but we need some moral rules to control them They are the belief, the courage, and the endurance which Santiago shows us in The Old Man and the Sea. But it is not Hamingway's inherent's stoicism, for we can see many kinds of stoicism in other novels. In a word, Hemingway's stoicism is the stoicism with ecstasy.
As the story develops, the real issue of Santiago's pursuit becomes clearer. The fish he has hooked ceases to be a mere physical object. It comes to symbolize something which Belongs to a different realrm of existence. This is a wholly new experience for the old man in his long years of life as a fishernan. Until he faces this fish, he has neverl seen or heard of such a great and beautiful fish. And he feels that there is no one worthy of eating him from the manner of his behavior and his great dignity. what the image of DiMaggio does to him in his memory and consciousness, the fish does in actuality. He feels he is not worthy of eating him, but he tries to kill him. He has to kill him because it is a kind of scarifice to complete the ritual. and the scacrifice is absolutely necessary to attain a rebirth through death. Either one of them has to die to that end. Or possibly both. Thus he cries, "Come on and kill me, I do not care who kills who", and late, "If I were towing him behind there would be no question. Nor if the fish were in the skiff, with all dignity gone, there would be no question either...let him bring me in if it pleases him. I am only better than him through trickery." As these words show, Santiago's pursuit has now become a quest: a quest for the union with the transcendental that neither. he nor anyone else has ever seen or ever been able to see. Now it makes no difference which One dies as long as he succeeds in the quest. He dogs succeed. The pursuer and the pursued have become one. Temporality is united with eternity.
After all, Santiago has learned much in a few days of fishing voyage through much suffering, and he is now able to pronounce a judgement upon the inscrutable human exisence and man's destiny. His failure has thus turned out to be his victory.
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