전문적 도움추구 태도 관련 요인들 간의 상관관계 메타분석 = A Meta-Analysis of the Factors related to Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this study was to draw comprehensive conclusions about the relationship between the attitudes toward professional psychological help-seeking and related factors through a meta-analysis. For this purpose, self-disclosure, anticipated benefits, social support, self-esteem, psychological distress as approach factors and self-stigma, social stigma, anticipated risks, emotional suppression, self-concealment, gender role conflict, depression, and loss of face as avoidance factors were extracted from 95 studies from masters’ theses, doctoral dissertations and journal articles published in Korea and abroad by 2020. The study results are as follows; First, the effect sizes of self-disclosure and anticipated benefits were in the large range while social support and self-esteem in the medium range among approach factors. Second, the effect size of self-stigma was in the large range while anticipated risk, social stigma, emotional suppression, self-concealment, gender role conflict, and depression in the medium range among avoidance factors. Third, cultural backgrounds, percentage of women, participants, and publication year of studies had moderating effects on the relationship between the attitudes towards professional psychological help-seeking and related factors. Based on the results, the direction of psychological counseling treatment for potential clients and recommendations for follow-up research were discussed in consideration of approach factors and avoidance factors of the attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 전문적 도움추구 태도와 관련 요인 간의 관계를 메타분석을 통해 체계적으로 탐색하고 종합적인 결론은 얻는 데 있다. 이를 위해 2020년까지 국내외에서 발표된 석․박사 학위논문과 학술지 논문 중 전문적 도움추구 태도 관련 논문 95편을 선정하였고 접근요인으로는 자기개방, 유용성 기대, 사회적 지지, 자아존중감, 심리적 고통, 회피요인으로는 자기낙인, 사회적 낙인, 위험성 기대, 정서표현억제, 자기은폐, 남성성역할갈등, 우울, 체면 변인을 추출하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전문적 도움추구 태도와 관련된 접근요인 중 자기개방, 유용성 기대는 큰 효과크기로 나타났고, 사회적 지지, 자아존중감은 중간 효과크기로 나타났다. 둘째, 전문적 도움추구 태도와 관련된 회피요인 중 자기낙인이 큰 효과크기로 나타났고, 위험성 기대, 사회적 낙인, 정서표현억제, 자기은폐, 남성성역할갈등, 우울은 중간 효과크기로 나타났다. 셋째, 문화적 배경, 여성비율, 연구대상, 연구시기를 조절변인으로 설정하여 메타회귀분석한 결과, 문화적 배경, 연구대상, 연구시기에 따라 전문적 도움추구 태도와 관련 요인들 간의 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 전문적 도움추구 태도에 영향을 미치는 접근요인과 회피요인을 고려하여 심리상담 치료에 대한 방향과 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

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