後期 「막스 베에버」의 政治思想硏究 = Max Weber's Political Thought of Late Period
저자
梁始浩 (建國大學校 政法大學 敎授)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1980
작성언어
Korean
KDC
301.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
281-302(22쪽)
제공처
소장기관
As a major contributor to the development of sociology, Max Weber needs he introduction. As a political commentator and political theoriest, he is less well known to Korean readers. Besides his work as an academic sociologist, Weber involved himself activity in the politics of his time. In her biography of her husband, Marianne Weber devotes as much space to his political views and activities as she does to an account of his academic work.
The purpose of this writing is to provide a sysmatic account of Weber's political thought of late period. From the early period of the 1890s comes the Inaugural Address at Freiburg, "Economic policy and the Nation State", which is the most important statement of Webers' political ideas in his early period. Most abviously typical of the attitudes expressed in the address is its explicit affirmation of Germany's national interest as decisive value for political and economic policy. This was affirmed repeatedly by Weber in his later life. In a speech in 1909 he said; "many of us take the view that the altimate definitive value‥‥ is the power position ova nation in the world. In 1916 he wrote that he had always viewed from a national standpoint alone. As be explored in my writing, Weber's nationalism was more complex than has frequently been made out by critics. A close impection reveals that Weber's imperialistic comvictions are also embedded in his broad perspective of the future course of world history.
Weber thought that in the foreseeable future the nation state was likely to remain the basic unit of world politics, and hence he never hesitated as a citizen to identify himself with the political fortunes of his own nation, this was, in fact, totally compatible with his views about the role of nation states in history. The permanent struggle of the nation state against one another, whether diplomatic or through economic weans, was not only inevitable, but also a major source of political dynamism.
A second theme of the Inaugural Address, equally typical, was its elitism of absence In Germany of any political leadership. Emphasis on the central importance of political leadership was a constant preoccupation of Weber's political writings as much in his late as his earlier period. Weber's wartime writings mark a return to the mood of 1890s and Inaugural Address.
The writings of this period develop what amounts to a theory of political institutions, in particular of their effect on the character of political activities and leadership. The most substantial of these writings is the series of articles Weber wrote for the Frankfurter zeitung in 1917 and 1919.
The main themes of this work is that modern government is inevitably government by means ova bureaucracy; administration is in the hands of an expert, salaried, career officialdom. But without the political leadership capable of controlling this administration, all political decision making falls into their hands ; it becomes government by, and not merely through, bureaucracy. Max Weber considered the main question of his day to be how to check the rise of impersonal bureaucracy, and thus to provide for effective leadership. Therefore he eventually turned to the extreme devices of advocating a strong parliament and leader-democracy. Great politicians with chorismatic quality should help to preserve a maximum of mobility in bureaucratic structures. They ought to keep democracy alive in spite of bureaucratic institutions, and to infuse new aims into the social process on the basis of the confidence of the masses.
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