女子勤勞靑少年의 家族紐帶 및 餘暇生活에 관한 硏究 = Family Ties, Friendship Relations and Leisure Habits of Adolescent Female Workers in Korea
저자
吳命根 (曉星女子大學)
발행기관
대구효성가톨릭대학교 사회과학연구소(Social Science Research Institute Catholic University of Taegu Hyosung)
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1976
작성언어
Korean
KDC
337.05
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
35-76(42쪽)
제공처
소장기관
Purpose and Scope of the Study
One of the major aims of this study is to throw light upon social problems being much discussed these days, namely the educational and institutional impact of the family and other social environmental factors on adolescent female workers. Adolescent workers, compared with more "advantaged youths", are in an unfavorable socio-economic and socio-cultural situation. They often come from families poor in various aspects; they do not receive a high level of education. Instead they should take jobs as hired laborers. Therefore, they are open to various pressing problems and liable to deviant behavior.
In consideration of this, the purpose of this research will be to clarify the actual state of these adolescents' family ties, friendship relations and leisure activities. These are considered to be the most influential in their socialization. As for family relations, we laid emphasis upon the degree of influence fathers and mothers still exercise over youth for their socialization. Turning leisure time, we were interested to know in what their daily lives consist and how these young workers look up their non-working hours, and what they do in their leisure time, and with whom they choose to share it. With regard to friendship relations, we will consider both female-female relations and female-male relations. We wish to know what the actual situation is and what their attitudes toward these relationships.
Methodological Aspects of the Study
This study is based on the information obtained from a sample of 576 unmarried girls aged 14 to 24, who work as textile factory workers and bus-girls. In making our investigation of the stated aspects of their life, the subject of our study was limited to those female workers that live with their family in Taegu City. The field survey was performed during the four months May to August, 1975, by means of the questionnaire-interview method.
Social Facts of the Adolescents and their Families
In Taegu City, the adolescent workers represented more than a quarter of their age group. Almost all of them (90%) have not been in a high school course. It is notable that many of them have left school in the course of their study. The age at which most of them first had their jobs is between fifteen and eighteen (73.1%). Mostly they took jobs for economic reasons.
Many of them were from defective or broken families. About three quarters of the families moved to Taegu from other places. The standard of the parents' school career is lower than that of their daughters, and most of them are engaged in low-waged, unstable jobs. Few of them have their own houses, and they have 2.2 rooms per family. Three persons, on the average, share one room. In short, it seems that most of them belong to a lower class that is unstable economically and socially. A minimum level of economic stability is urgent for them, and so they had to stop their daughters' school education.
The Family Relations of the Adolescent Youth Interviewed
Since family relations are a specially synthetic and complex form of social relations, we expected that different research instruments would help to reveal this fact. We, therefore, used the following approaches:
1) More than 50 scaleable questions concerning the frequency of various types of interactions between the adolescent and her father and mother (amount and subject of conversation, advice, control, restrictions and punishment),
2) open-ended questions and sentence-completion items concerning basic emotional attitudes toward parents, peers, hoys, the future of the adolescent, anxieties and wishes of various kinds.
The main findings on family ties were as follows:
1) The frequency of conversation between the female adolescent workers and their parents was generally not so high and changeable according to the content of the conversation. Conversation about personal and intimate problems and about topics of value and culture were far fewer in frequency, while the real and simple things of daily life bulked larger.
2) But the attitude of parents to advice their daughters on various problems was rather positive, compared with the case of conversation. We may well say that this fact shows a tendency that the parents of female adolescent workers are exercising their parental functions through direct advice rather than guidance through free conversation. This is probably based on their traditional view of daughters which is common in their society.
3) Comparing the amount of advice, control, restrictions and punishment with each other, restrictions and punishment were lower in frequency than in case of advice and control, and this was particularly true of mothers. This fact may show that parents have not consistent and fast rules for educating their daughters.
4) Mother, rather than father, plays the main role in conversation and advice for daughters, especially in their depth relations. It seemed that the daughters' intimacy and faith in mother is steady and rather unconditional, but, as for father, his occupation and social status and many other factors seemed to have a great influence on their relationships.
Personal Relations outside the Family
1) In their friendship relations, it was found that "sympathy" and "respect" were, from the viewpoint of causation, the predominant factor. The factor of "frequency" caused by propinquity as well affects the personal relations, especially in the age-group under seventeen. That the sympathy is a strong factor in personal relations regardless of age tells us that these female adolescent workers tend to rely much on their friends emotionally.
2) They revealed a trend of limiting the sphere of personal relations to the ones who are in the same social status and had a similar life experience to their own. Accordingly, they showed a possibility of assimilation to the subculture of such groups exclusively.
3) Two-thirds of these female adolescent workers, and more than half in case of under the seventeens, proved to have male friends. A quarter of them acknowledged that they had lovers.
Leisure Activities
1) Their daily life was different according to their jobs, and also altered as their working groups change. Accordingly, their daily life is disorder and unplanned.
2) In leisure activities, they kill time with easy-going tastes and confess a desire to reach self-fulfilment, though, in reality, they fail to do so.
3) Characteristics shown in their attitudes concerning leisure time are as follows: As for the amount of leisure time, three attitudes such as 'fully satisfied,' 'generally satisfied', 'dissatisfied' are revealed. In their attitudes toward work and play, three forms of attitudes, play subjected to work, play paralleled with work, work subjected to play, have almost similar support.
Based on the result of this research, we tried to present some practical suggestions on following lines.
1) Enhancement of the adolescent workers' livelihood
2) Necessity and reinforcement of social education
3) Formation of desirable friendship
4) Opportunities to provide a sound leisure time
5) On the future study of the problems of adolescent workers
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