KCI등재
미국 전자금융거래 규제에 관한 소고 -전자금융거래 제도적 배경 및 최근 입법규제를 중심으로- = A Study on Electronic Financial Transaction Regulations in the U.S. - Focused on Electronic Financial Transaction Background System and Recent Legislative Regulations -
저자
정혜련 (경찰대학)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2023
작성언어
Korean
주제어
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
77-112(36쪽)
제공처
The U.S. industrial promotion is represented by ‘No Action Letter, JOBS ACT, Loomis-Gillibrand Crypto-currency Bill’. First, No Action Letter is a system in which when a financial institution asks the supervisory authority about whether a specific business is legal, the supervisory authority decides whether it is legal. In the early days of the establishment of the SEC, the use of informal administrative forms was emphasized, and as part of this, the legal advisory opinion system was operated. This was not an official view of the SEC itself, so it was not binding and the contents were not disclosed. By improving these problems, non-action opinions were able to express their opinions on law enforcement activities, and questions and answers were disclosed. The non-action opinion system helps each industry respond preemptively and actively by increasing the predictability of regulations. The Jump-Start Business Start-Ups Act (JOBS ACT) came into effect with President Obama's final approval. The Jobs Act is a law that makes it easier to raise funds by easing regulations on disclosure and accounting audits for new growth companies with annual sales of less than $1 billion, and is a law to promote the growth of small and medium-sized companies.
This increased the funding limit of the previous small-scale public offering exemption, and exempted the disclosure regulations under the Securities Act on the issuance and distribution of securities for five years after the initial IPO.
Finally, there is a Loomis-Gillibrand crypto-currency bill. This is a pro crypto-currency regulation bill, and the official name is the ‘Responsible Financial Innovation Act’. The bill aims to cash in crypto-currency. Specifically, when purchasing goods with Bitcoin, up to $200 or less is excluded from the duty to report and pay taxes. In addition, non-taxable benefits were given to Bitcoin loans. Accordingly, it is expected to contribute to the popularization of Bitcoin. Contrary to the current status of industrial encouragement in the U.S., there are legal regulatory measures in the U.S. that limit this. First, ‘Electronic Fund Transfer Act’ (EFTA) is a law enacted in the United States to stabilize the financial system and protect consumers, and Regulation E supplements it. EFTA governs electronic payment transactions of small funds. In EFTA, the consumer is only responsible for the occurrence of an unauthorized transfer if the user of the means used in the transfer is identified as a person with permission to use it. In addition, Regulation E 205.6 does not increase consumer responsibility even if consumers have inadequate PIN management, and does not take into account consumer negligence in determining consumer responsibility. In other words, both EFTA and Regulation E estimate legal relations in a favorable state for consumers.
Next, there is a disclosure system. The U.S. virtual asset-related disclosure system protects the value of “consumer protection” along with the disclosure regulations previously prepared by the Securities Act. Disclosure is a system to protect investors, and discloses company-related information to stakeholders of the company, such as shareholders, so that they can clearly know the entity of the company. The disclosure of the existing securities law focuses on financial information, and in addition, the SEC proposed guidelines to disclose the risks of the virtual asset market to investors.
In addition, there are various cyber security-related regulations, and the United States has announced various cyber security regulations for the spread of mobile financial services through smart phones and security. ‘Cyber Security Act of 2015’ was enacted in 2015, and ‘Cyber security National Action Plan, CNAP’ was enacted in 2016 as a long-term strategy to strengthen the Cyber Security Act and to protect the information provided by the U.S. people to the federal government. Also, in 2014, ‘Cyber Security Enha...
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