고구려(高句麗) 고국원왕(故國原王)의 평양(平壤) 이거(移居)와 남진(南進) = A study on the Yigeo(移居) to Pyeongyang and the Southward expansion of King Gogukwon(故國原王)
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2016
작성언어
Korean
주제어
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
1-60(60쪽)
제공처
소장기관
This thesis examines the meaning of the Yigeo(移居, transfer to another place) to Pyeongyang and the policy of southward expansion(南進政策) during the reign of King Gogukwon(故國原王), after being bestowed the investiture title of Nangnang-gong(樂浪公) by Former Yan(前燕). The fourth century of Northern East Asia was a turbulent period. China was fractured into a series of short-lived sixteen kingdoms by the rise of Five-Barbarians(五胡). Among those states, Former Yan of the Xianbei(鮮卑) had a significant influence on Goguryeo’s internal and external affairs, due to the adjacent geographical position of the two states. In particular, Former Yan’s invasion of Goguryeo in 342 brought about the loss of function of Guknaesung(國內城) area, which was the capital of Goguryeo at the time. Due to this invasion, King Gogukwon had no alternate choice other than transferring to Pyeongyang. For King Gogukwon, who had grave responsibilities to rebuild the state, Pyeongyang was the ideal site for the new capital based on the several valued aspects. The Yigeo itself during the reign of King Gogukwon was triggered by the Former Yan’s invasion. Therefore, when King Gogukwon decided on the Yigeo at first, the meaning of the Yigeo was just the ‘transferring to another place’, which is common term to refer to the ‘moving to another place’ in historical documents. However, the Yigeo during the reign of King Gogukwon was not merely transferring to another place. First, Pyeongyang was located at a long distance from Guknaesung. In addition, into a specific section of Goguryeo’s transfer of the capital(遷都) did a compiler of≪Samguksagi(三國史記, History of the Three Kingdoms)≫insert the article of the Yigeo during the reign of King Gogukwon. Second, the period of the Yigeo was almost close to thirty years. Third, except for Pyeongyang Donghwangseong(平壤東黃城), the record about Goguryeo’s royal palace was not found in any other historical documents. In the fourth place, notwithstanding the absence of direct cause of the Yigeo, which was menaced with the external military pressure, after being granted the investiture title of Nangnang-gong from Former Yan, King Gogukwon decided to stay in Pyeongyang from 343 onwards and this was the very beginning of Goguryeo’s southward expansion. In its final analysis, the Yigeo during the reign of King Gogukwon was not merely transferring to another place, but also a decision with the profound motivation and intention to extend southward. Since the first tributary and investiture relationship was forged between Goguryeo and Former Yan in 355, King Gogukwon was granted the investiture title of Nangnang-gong. Compared to the investiture titles which were granted to kings in the Korean peninsular during the three kingdoms period, the term ‘Nangnang’ of the Nangnang-gong meant the old territory of Nangnang commandery located in the Korean peninsular. From this point of view, the fact that King Gogukwon was granted the investiture title of Nangnang-gong in 355 could be a positive proof of the Yigeo to Pyeongyang in 343. Although the diplomatic relations with Former Yan were stabilized, King Gogukwon did not return to the former capital, Guknaesung. Instead of returning, King Gogukwon determined to stay in Pyeongyang and pursued the policy of southward expansion. It shows that staying in Pyeongyang represented the active cause of King Gogukwon as well as a passive cause. Due to the foundation of the stable relationship with Former Yan and well-balanced internal status of Goguryeo during his reign, King Gogukwon began to have interest in neighboring countries in the south, one of which was Baekje. Since 366, Baekje and Silla had formed an alliance, and the military alliance constituted a serious menace to King Gogukwon who was staying in Pyeongyang. And the prior relationship between Goguryeo and Baekje was not amicable and the economical elements of Hwanghaedo(黃海道) were enough to be the conflict factor between the two countries. Furthermore, King Gogukwon’s status as a sovereign ruler was solid and internal status of Goguryeo in fourth century was sound. Eventually, the forgoing factors gave King Gogukwon an impetus to launch the attack against Baekje and it developed into a war. When King Gaero(蓋鹵王) of Baekje attributed the exacerbation of relationship between the two countries to the era of King Gogukwon. It indicates that the policy of southward expansion of Goguryeo started during the reign of King Gogukwon. Through the Yigeo to Pyeongyang in 343 and the defense of the Pyeongyangseong against Baekje’s invasion in 371, King Gogukwon was able to make Pyeongyang an unshakable territory of Goguryeo. In conclusion, the Yigeo to Pyeongyang and the policy of southward expansion during the reign of King Gogukwon were the first and great watershed in changing the direction of the external expansion of Goguryeo from westward to southward.
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