KCI등재
일반 논문 : 국내 ICT중소기업의 경영효율성 분석: 상장기업을 중심으로 = Regular Papers : A Study on the Management Efficiency of Korean ICT Small and Medium Sized Enterprises(SMEs)
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2011
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
324.3505
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
발행기관 URL
수록면
55-75(21쪽)
제공처
소장기관
본 연구는 우리나라 대표적인 전략산업이라 할 수 있는 ICT 산업에 종사하는 종소기업들의 경영효율성에 관한 것이다. 국내 ICT 산업의 경쟁력강화가 국가경쟁력의 핵심이라는 인식이 널리 공유됨에도 불구하고 이들 기업에 대한 경영효율성 분석이 체계적으로 이루어지지 않은데 착안하여, 산업 내 중소기업을 대상으로 경영효율성을 분석하였다. 기존의 대부분의 효율성 분석연구들이 1개년도의 횡단면 자료를 이용하는 것과 달리, 2006년부터 2009년까지 4개 년도를 대상으로 함으로써 국내 중소 ICT 기업 효율성의 동적인 변화추세와 그 의미를 보다 정확히 찾고자 하였다. 또한 기존연구에서 실시한 효율성 분석에서는 투입요소로서 매출원가 중심으로 고려하였으나, 본 연구에서는 연구개발비를 기업의 장기적인 투자와 영업에 관련된 고정자산과 함께 고려함으로 연구개발 및 기술혁신활동이 여타 다른 산업에 비해 활발한 ICT 산업의 특성을 반영한 효율성 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과를 통하여 벤치마킹 대상기업을 발굴하고 이를 통해 개별 ICT 중소기업이 효율적으로 경영을 수행하는데 필요한 정보를 제공하고 보다 체계적인 효율성의 근거와 개선점을 도출하였다.
더보기The growth of the Information Communications and Technology (ICT) industry in Korea over last 20 years is recognized as a significant factor for the sustainable growth of the Korean economy as a whole. The Bank of Korea reported that 40% of the total GDP growth rate is attributed to the ICT industry. The main reasons of such impressive performance are proactive policy support by the Korean government and continuous efforts of ICT firms for R&D and technological innovation. Although there is a general consensus that the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role for the improvement in the competitiveness of the Korean ICT industry, little empirical analysis of management efficiency on the ICT SMEs has been done since the 2008 financial crisis and global recession. Thus, this research attempts to measure and analyze management efficiency based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) models. In particular, recognizing the significance of technological innovation for the competitiveness of ICT SMEs, we applied R&D expenditure with fixed assets and numbers of employees as input factors and highlighted their role in evaluating efficiency. Several contributions of this present study are noteworthy. First, our study investigates the increasing role of SMEs in the process of development of ICT industry in Korea. This is in contrast to the previous research of management which has mostly focused on large firms. We attempt to identify the best practice of SMEs for benchmarking purposes to improve their management efficiency. Second, our study is longitudinal. By using 4 different years of longitudinal data, this study conducts rigorous tests of the key factors affecting management efficiency and their trends over years. Third, by applying R&D expenditure with fixed assets and employee size as alternative input factors, we provide several plausible alternative explanations on the role of long term investment and technological innovation capability on the management efficiency in Korean SMEs. The ICT firms have been active in long term R&D investment for their competitiveness. We consider this industry specific factor for the analysis of management efficiency. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides theoretical background. It includes a critical review of the ICT industry and management efficiency research on SMEs. Section 3 defines the DEA model, including input and output measures. Section 4 identifies the best practices of the frontier firms surveyed in this study. We also present the main results of empirical analysis. A conclusion with some theoretical and practical implications is presented in Section 5. Our research results suggest that there exists a close internal relationship between R&D, fixed assets and employee size and sales, which is an output measure, and their inherent relationship makes efficiency scores closer to 1. The results show that less than 10 percent of the firms are fully efficient in R&D and management activities and that more than two-thirds are at the stage of increasing returns to scale. More specifically, results obtained in our CCR model of DEA analysis show average technical efficiency (TE) in the range of 33~47% over the four years surveyed. Hence it implies that firms operating at the correct scale could save up to 33~47% of their inputs to produce the same amount of output. Secondly, applying the BCC model, the average of pure technical efficiency (PTE) scores are in the range of 58%~74% over the years estimated. The scores suggest that a much larger number of DMUs becomes efficient, implying that the model did not correctly discriminate among efficient and inefficient units. Thirdly, scale efficiency (SE) scores on average are higher than TE and PTE scores for the same years, distributed between 59% -77%. This result suggests that inefficiency from internal operation of firms is much more severe. Finally, when we consider the efficiency scores by the multiple years surveyed, it shows that the score has been gradually reduced. For instance, the findings indicate that 17.2% of the enterprises achieve CRS scores of over 0.8 in 2006 while it reduced to 13.8% in 2007 and 10.3% in 2008 and 2009. This implies that global economic crisis has comprehensively impacted the ICT market since 2008, which constricted firms` long term investment and sales growth. Despite previous academic efforts to investigate the successful growth of ICT industry in Korea, the increasing role of ICT SMEs in such development have rarely been analyzed, especially from the management efficiency perspective. Previous studies have not attempted to examine the effects of technological innovation activities as an important factor for management efficiency analysis. The relevant literature has focused primarily on efforts as determinants of R&D and management performance. Little attention has been given to the effective use of resources, particularly at the SMEs level. They also show considerable limitations by using cross sectional data or focusing on large firms. This paper tries to fill these gaps by developing an alternative approach to the evaluation of management efficiency of the ICT industry with particular reference to ICT SMEs and using panel data over four years. This study also highlights the distinctive results from three different models to evaluate management efficiency (i.e. TE. PTE and SE), and incorporate them to provide better implication for firms who improve their efficiency. For instance, our research suggests that inefficient firms can improve their efficiency through not only a reduction of R&D expenditures, number of employees and fixed assets, but also increasing R&D and enlargement of employment since firms show different results of efficiency features depending on the consideration of scale effects. This paper contributes to the understanding of firm level dynamics of management efficiency in the Korean ICT industry. By considering industry specific features of ICT firms which are more proactive in R&D than others, we have assessed relative technical and scale efficiencies of management and R&D resources across ICT SMEs. The findings of the paper have significant policy implications to innovation strategy and management policy for ICT firms and other technology-intensive industries that require continuous improvement in management efficiency for a competitive advantage. The study has several limitations that may be addressed in future research. Firstly, we measured output factor by using sales data. However, not all firms pursue sales growth as their purpose of management. Some may prefer to maximize net profit or develop new technological capabilities. Thus, we suggest that future studies should use more fine-grained decomposition of the various forms of output measures. Secondly, as our study focused on investigating relative management efficiency scores, future studies may analyze what factors affect management efficiency. Thirdly, the generalisability of the findings are limited by our use of one industry and stock listed firms for the research context. Future works should aim to address these limitations by considering different industries, large firms as well as SMEs, stock listed firms and non-listed firms. These extensions would further develop our understanding of management efficiency of SMEs in relation to innovation activities.
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