先進諸國의「G.S.P」制度動向分析과 輪出마아케팅 戰略에 관한 硏究 = A Study on the Movement-Analysis of G.S.P in the Advanced Countries & Export Marketing Strategy
저자
朴炳鉉 (貿易學科)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1984
작성언어
Korean
KDC
304.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
241-268(28쪽)
소장기관
After the 1972 session of UNCTAD, the scheme of the G.S.P. has come to stay. By the efforts of UNCTAD, the developed and developing countries agreed, in 1970, on "the establishment of Generalized, Non-discriminatory, Non-reciprocal preferential treatment to exports of developing countries in the markets of developed countries."
At first, the System was implemented by the European Community(E.C) in July 1971, Japan in August 1971, Nordic countries in January 1972, Canada in July 1974, U.S. in January 1976 and a number of Socialist Countries in 1972.
But the Generalized System of Preferences (G.S.P.) which had been perceived as a new direction to the equitable sharing in international trade has not operated as desired by all the developing countries. Of course, from the initiating stage of the G.S.P., the scheme was never thought to be a panacea for solving all the complex problems of economic development. Nevertheless, the developed countries considered it an important new step toward helping the developing countries help themselves.
The main function of preferences should be to provide an open framework for developing countries' participation in world trade of manufactures on an indefinite basis. Such an open framework is necessary for long-term movement of resources; the developing countries are commonly saddled with trade barriers in industrial countries as soon as they begin to develop competitive exports. Thus current debate on the role of manufacturing sectors in New International Economic Order is already tending towards polarization.
The basic question to be discussed in this paper is whether the preferential treatment schemes, as presently envisioned, are capable of successfully achieving the goal of a more just and equitable distribution of the world's resources and the benefits of industrial development.
As already noted, the primary objective of the G.S.P. is to expand exports of the developing countries by offering them preferential tariffs. Hence the G.S.P. will only assist in exporting goods subject to duty. Goods already admitted duty free by the developed countries, especially agricultural commodities and industrial raw materials by definition fall outside the scope of the G.S.P. or any preferential tariff program.
Added with this, the term "manufactured and semi-manufactured products" (to which the G.S.P. applies) has been interpreted by the developed countries to mean manufactured industrial products. Thus, processed agricultural and fishery products have been excluded from the G.S.P. generally; such products account for 14 percent of beneficiary trade with the developed countries. After excluding duty free and agricultural goods, we find that the developing countries' export of manufactured goods potentially eligible for G.S.P. tariff treatment account for only one-fourth of their trade with the developed countries.
Moreover, a real G.S.P. has not come into effect because the developed countries have been unable to agree on one uniform preferential scheme. Instead, each donor country (or trade bloc) has implemented its own scheme so that at the present time eleven different schemes are in operation which differ in terms of beneficiary developing countries, product coverage, the depth of the tariff cuts, safeguards, and rules of origin.
At the same time, while the application of protectionist measures in the United States is circumscribed by legislation, in Western Europe as well as in Japan, protectionism often takes the form of discretionary measures by national governments.
Viewed with this circumstance mentioned above, it goes without saying that even America which has been playing a important role for the free-trade fortress since President, Roosevelt in 1930s has transformed her past attitude into the disguise and come not only to build her Import Barrier more highly but also to do a cut-policy without scruple for her G.S.P. against L.D.Cs including Korea.
Furthermore, we are, resulted from those environment, afraid whether these international trade condition would be a interest in the Beneficiary Developing Countries headed by our country in the passive aspect or turn us (or L.D.Cs) into a struggle for the Export Markets with Japan & E.C. in order to give impetus to their curtailment-drive against G.S.P. in the positive aspect.
Judging such a thing from the foregoing view-point, I will name, in this preface, the complemental main-factors to meet with those situation as a counter-measurement one by one as follows.
1) Enhancing positively the Civil & Government negotiation with donor countries concern for utilizing G.S.P.
2) Stepping up the practical useful rate for the G.S.P. items more than other L.D.Cs.
3) Studying thoroughly on the country-rules of origin.
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