LPS로 유도한 RAW 264.7 세포 및 귀부종 동물 모델에 대한 밀배아유의 항염증 효과 = Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Wheat Germ Oil on Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells and Mouse Ear Edema

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of wheat germ oil (WGO) on RAW 264.7 cells. It was shown that WGO had no cytotoxicity against the treated cells or negative effect on their proliferation. WGO suppressed nitric oxide (NO) secretion considerably and had inhibitory effects on the production of LPSinduced NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β). In particular, the IL-6 and TNF α inhibition activities were over 90% at 100 μg/ml concentration of the oil. WGO also inhibited the LPSinduced expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κB), and reduced the expression of phosphorylated ERK and JNK. Moreover, the croton-oil induced edema in mouse ears was reduced by WGO, and no mortalities occurred in mice administered 5,000 mg/kg body weight of WGO over a 2-week observation period. In conclusion, these results provide evidence for the antiinflammatory effect of WGO that likely occurs via modulation of NF-κB and the JNK/ERK MAPK signaling pathway.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 함대현, "급성염증유발 동물모델에서 蒲公英의 염증억제 효과" 한의병리학회 22 (22): 810-814, 2008
• 2 Aggarwal BB, "Tumor necrosis factors: developments during the last decade" 7 : 93-124, 1996
• 3 de Oliveira MLM, "Topical anti-inflammatory potential of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed oil on acute and chronic skin inflammation in mice" 41 : 1-9, 2013
• 4 Tamir S, "The role of nitric oxide (NO·) in the carcinogenic process" 1288 : F31-F36, 1996
• 5 Carter AB, "The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for NFkappaB-dependent gene expression: the role of TATA-binding protein (TBP)" 274 : 30858-30863, 1999
• 6 Beutler B, "The biology of cachectin/TNF-a primary mediator of the host response" 7 : 625-655, 1989
• 7 Kim JY, "Suppressive effects of the kahweol and cafestol on cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages" 569 : 321-326, 2004
• 8 MaCartney-Francis N, "Suppression of arthritis by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase" 178 : 749-754, 1993
• 9 Go-woon Jung, "Study on antioxidant activity of wheat bran oil extracted by supercritical Carbon dioxide" 부경대학교 대학원 2011
• 10 Hoseney RC, "Storage of cereal grains and their products" American Association of Cereal Chemists 1992
• 11 Golden BD, "Selective cyclooxygenase-2inhibitor" 25 : 359-378, 1999
• 12 박정숙, "Sandalwood Essential Oil의 iNOS 발현과 염증성사이토카인의 생성에 미치는 영향" 대한약학회 57 (57): 70-75, 2013
• 13 Kim EY, "Regulation of autoimmune inflammation by pro-inflammatory cytokines" 120 : 1-5, 2008
• 14 전용필, "RAW 264.7세포에서 lipopolysaccharide로 유발시킨 염증반응에 대한 Bulnesia sarmienti 열수추출물의 억제효과" 한국생명과학회 19 (19): 479-485, 2009
• 15 Lin HI, "Pharmacological modulation of TNF production in macrophages" 37 : 8-15, 2004
• 16 Oh YT, "Oleic acid reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 in BV2 murine microglial cells: Possible involvement of reactive oxygen species, p38 MAPK, and IKK/NF-κB signaling pathways" 464 : 93-97, 2009
• 17 OECD, "OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals, section 4: health effects. Test No. 420: acute oral toxicity-fixed dose procedure"
• 18 Moncada S, "Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology" 43 : 109-142, 1991
• 19 Nathan C, "Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells" 6 : 3051-3064, 1992
• 20 Yun HY, "Neurobiology of nitric oxide" 10 : 291-316, 1996
• 21 Nam NH, "Naturally occurring NF-κB inhibitors" 6 : 945-951, 2006
• 22 김선영, "NF-κB와 MAPK 억제를 통한 스테비아 잎의 항염증효과" 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 26 (26): 54-64, 2013
• 23 김태연, "LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 cell의 염증반응에서 MAPK 조절에 의한 加減當歸飮子의 항염증 효과" 대한한방내과학회 34 (34): 339-348, 2013
• 24 강보경, "LPS 유도 RAW 264.7 세포와 마우스 모델에서 참치(Katsuwonus pelamis) 유의 항염증 효과" 한국미생물·생명공학회 43 (43): 45-55, 2015
• 25 Goldsby RA, "Kuby immunology" W. H. Freeman and Company 9-10, 2000
• 26 Hawiger J, "Innate immunity and inflammation: a transcriptional paradigm" 23 : 99-109, 2001
• 27 Zamora R, "Inducible nitric oxide synthase and inflammatory diseases" 6 : 347-373, 2000
• 28 Willoughby DA, "Heberden Oration, 1974. Human arthritis applied to animal models. Towards a better therapy" 34 : 471-478, 1975
• 29 Nishida, T, "Geranylgeranylacetone induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in cultured rat gastric epithelial cells through NF-κB" 52 : 1890-1896, 2007
• 30 de Lima TM, "Fatty acid control of nitric oxide production by macrophages" 580 : 3287-3295, 2006
• 31 Feng GJ, "Extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases differentially regulate the lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-12 in macrophages: Leishmania phosphoglycans subvert macrophage IL-12 production by targeting ERK MAP kinase" 163 : 6403-6412, 1999
• 32 Higuchi M, "Cytolytic mechanisms of activated macrophages. Tumor necrosis factor and Larginine-dependent mechanisms act synergistically as the major cytolytic mechanisms of activated macrophage" 144 : 1425-1431, 1990
• 33 Jeong DH, "Antiinflammatory activity of methanol extract and n-hexane fraction mojabanchromanol b from Myagropsis myagroides" 114 : 12-19, 2014
• 34 Van Q, "Anti-inflammatory effect of Inonotus obliquus, Polygala senega L., and Viburnum trilobum in a cell screening assay" 125 : 487-493, 2009
• 35 Seungbeom Kim, "Anti-inflammatory activity of Camellia japonica oil" 생화학분자생물학회 45 (45): 177-182, 2012
• 36 정두현, "Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Sargassum micracanthum" 한국미생물·생명공학회 23 (23): 1691-1698, 2013