여성보디빌더의 기능적 갈등 분석 = Analysis of Functional Conflicts Experienced by Female Bodybuilders

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed at explicating conflicts which female bodybuilders have experienced in their daily milieu, a topic which has been considered in a negative way. For achieving this purpose, we interviewed with six professional female bodybuilders living in D-metropolitan city during six months. We are specifically interested in 1) what kinds of conflict female bodybuilders experience in their territories; 2) how they understand, translate and cope with it; and 3) what mechanism we draw from their experience for their continuity of bodybuilding practice. Using a thematic analysis, we can distinct the topic of conflicts into three domains: in a family, in a gym, and in a contest place. In a family, most female bodybuilders had conflicts, which were not able to be resolved, about relationship with their husband and problems on nurturing. This kind of conflict was named as ‘role conflict’. With this unresolved conflict, they conversely felt confidence on and satisfaction with their well-developed muscle in a gym setting, although they sometimes received some unwanted feedback from other males who working out in the gym, saying why you have worked out this kind of hard stuff. By this experience, female bodybuilders cannot help but having ‘epistemological conflict’ which is about the unbreakable recognition of men toward female bodybuilder. Lastly, in a contest place, most participants recognized male judges’ normalizing gaze which invisibly forced them to be ‘firm but shapely, fit but sexy, strong but thin’(Markula, 1995). To be fit into this normalized gaze, female bodybuilders practiced plastic surgery, experience which is interpreted as subjectification of women and, at the same time, as objectification of norms. Although this practice could be analyzed in a negative way, having plastic surgery and then winning a prize were functioning as a mechanism for the bodybuilders to continue their bodybuilding practice.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 그동안 부정적으로만 간주되어 왔던 갈등의 기능적 요소를 탐색하여 밝히고자 D광역시에서 활동 중인 전문 여성보디빌더 여섯 명을 대상으로 면담을 실시하였다. 이 연구의 구체적인 관심사는 첫째, 과연 여성보디빌더들이 보디빌딩을 하면서 경험하는 갈등은 어떠한 지형에서 어떠한 방식으로 나타나는지, 둘째, 그와 같은 갈등을 여성들은 어떻게 해석하고 대처하는지, 셋째, 그러한 갈등이 궁극적으로는 보디빌딩이란 활동을 지속하는데 어떻게 작동하는가에 대한 메커니즘을 밝히는 것이었다. 면담자료로 주제분석을 한 결과, 이 연구는 가정과 체육관, 경기장에서 여성보디빌더가 경험하는 갈등을 주제화할 수 있었다. 가정에서는 남편과의 관계나 양육의 문제가 주요 갈등요인으로서, 이는 ‘역할 갈등’으로 이해되며, 체육관에서도 남성보디빌더나 다른 일반 남성들의 불편한 개입과 피드백으로 인해 ‘왜 보디빌딩을 남자만 해야 한다고 생각하나’라는 일종의 ‘인식 갈등’을 경험하게 되고, 경기장에서의 갈등은 남성 심사위원의 미적 시선에 의해 극대화되어 실천으로 이어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 지형에 따라 발생하는 갈등양상에 대하여 여성 보디빌더의 대처방식은 대부분, 가정에서의 이러한 갈등을 완전하게 해소할 수는 없었지만, 이렇게 해소되지 않은 갈등이 주로 운동을 하는 체육관에서 어느 정도 잊히며, 거울에 비친 자신의 발달된 몸을 통해 여성들은 위안을 받고 조금 더 스스로를 격려하는 식으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 이 연구에서 가장 흥미로운 점으로 여성 보디빌더는 경기장에서 심사위원의 미적 시선의 기준에 자신의 몸을 맞추기 위해, 그리고 나아가 가정에서 경험되는 활동 유지비 갈등을 최소화하기 위해 여성보디빌더들은 자신의 몸을 인위적으로 조형하는 일종의 성형수술/시술을 경험한다는 사실이다. 이는 대회에서의 입상으로 연결되고, 활동을 유지할 수 있게 해주는 스폰서를 얻음으로써 가정에서의 돈 문제와 관련된 갈등을 일단락시키며 다시 보디빌딩 활동을 계속할 수 있도록 구조화된다.

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