소련의 經濟運營 및 貿易의 特成

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The economic policy goal of capitalist market economies is mainly growth, price stabilization and distribution under the hypothesis that the market function distributes resources to each sector of the economy.
The main purpose of Soviet economy policy is to catch up to the advanced western economics. The reason is to insure that the military powers are sufficient to protect soviet socialism from foreign invasion.
Therefore, the Soviet economy concentrates its resources into buildiny up heavy industries by means of a planned command economy.
It must therefore have a bureacratic hierachy as it is goverment, rather than the market, that must distribut the resoures according to this plan.
Also, the planned economy can not permit price and market mechanism to operate as in market economies since the government has to control the flow of goods and services into heavy industries.
Foreign trade is also managed exclusively by government monopoly in order to arrange completly the balance between forign trade and internal economic policy.
Therefor, Soviet foreign trade policy can not permit convertibility of Soviet currency and commodities into foreign exchange, and so the exchange rate does not have any meanning in the sense that the fluctuation of the exchang rate can not influence the trade flow.
In pursuing this policy of catching up to the advanced western economies, the soviet have been consistentley managing every aspect of their economy since the Bolshvik revolution, from without considering the use of price or market mechanism.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서언 1
• Ⅱ. 소련 경제정책의 목표 2
• 1. 따라잡기(overtaking) 정책의 배경 2
• 2. 군사력 증강을 위한 경제정책 4
• Ⅲ. 중앙 계획 경제(Central Planning Economy : CPE) 5
• 1. 사회주의 계획경경제의 始源 5
• 2. 계획경제의 전개과정 7
• 3. 중공업 우선 계획경제 9
• 4. 計劃의 成案과정 12
• Ⅳ. 가격 이윤 시장 14
• 1. 계획과 가격 14
• 2. 가격체제 15
• (1) 생산자 가격( producers' prices) 16
• (2) 소매가격(retailprices) 16
• 3. 이윤(profit)의 특징 17
• 4. 시장의 기능 20
• Ⅴ. 무역의 特性 21
• 1. 국가 독점무역 21
• (1) 국가독점의 계기 21
• (2) 국가독점의 目的 23
• 1) 보호주의(protectionism) 23
• 2) 내핍 23
• 3) 계획 23
• 4) 효율 24
• 5) 재정적인 이득 24
• 6) 대외무역의 정치적 이용 24
• (3) 대외무역의 의사결정 체계 24
• 1) 대외무역의 관료체계 24
• 2) 대외무역의 계획과정 26
• 2. 수입 지향적 무역정책 28
• 3. 환율기능의 不在 30
• 1) 통화의 불태환성(currency inconvertivility) 30
• 2) 상품 불태환성(commodity inconvertibility) 31
• 3) 왜곡된 가격제도 32
• Ⅵ. 요약 및 결언 34