Quantitatively scaled negative impression of mercury: A comparison with other hazardous materials and events = Quantitatively scaled negative impression of mercury: A comparison with other hazardous materials and events
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2018
작성언어
-주제어
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
541-541(1쪽)
제공처
Mercury has been concerned more and more as a persistent toxic substance. In this context, international efforts have been paid to assess mercury risk to human health and the environment. Minamata convention on mercury was agreed in Oct. 2013 and took effect in Aug. 2017 in order to internationally control mercury applications, emission to the environment, and promote final disposal of recovered mercury in environment-safe manners. Environmental risk assessment of mercury landfill disposal is necessary to design appropriate landfill methods. In addition, it is also helpful to build public acceptance of mercury landfill site construction. Because mercury must be immobilized before landfill disposal, treatment facilities for mercury stabilization is also necessary as well as landfill sites. This means that public acceptance to construct mercury treatment facilities is also a necessary process in terms of mercury management. In general, it is easily expected that building public acceptance to construct a mercury treatment facility and a mercury landfill site is difficult owing to potential hazards and high toxicity of mercury. As a first step to evaluate difficulty to build such public acceptance, this study aims to quantify how much negative impression people have to mercury when it is compared to other hazardous materials and events.
Negative impression of mercury was compared to those of radioactive wastes, infectious medical wastes, dioxin, cadmium, PM2.5 (particulate matters causing air pollutions), ultraviolet light (UV), noise, and gene-altered foods. Negative impressions of those materials and events were scaled quantitatively by pairwise comparison method with Thurstone’s law of comparative judgement. All pairs of tested subjects were presented to quenstionees one by one. Questionees selected a subject with worse impression for them. Questionnaire survey was conducted online on March 22-23<sup>rd</sup>, 2018. Selection data was collected from 1030 persons. Gender of respondents were balanced equally. The ages of respondents were from 20’s to 60’s and also balanced equally with 10-year interval. Selection ratio of each tested subject as worse impression were converted correspondingly to Z score based on Thurstone’s law of comparative judgement. Higher Z score means less negative impression.
The result of web-questionnaire survey is shown in Figure 1. The subject with the worst negative impression is radioactive wastes. It agrees with our expectation because of severe social conflicts on radioactive wastes management since Fukushima nuclear plant accident in 2011. Mercury has the second worst impression compared to other materials and events. It can be explained by Minamata disease caused by mercury and its social conflicts still have remained in Japan. Although cadmium also caused public hazard, which was kidney failure and following bone softening with severe pains (itai-itai disease), people’s impression to cadmium is better than mercury. When dioxin emissions from combustion facilities like waste incinerators was reported, it gave large impacts on Japanese society (dioxin shock). However, its impression is also better than mercury. This result suggests large difficulty to construct mercury treatment facilities and landfill sites for future mercury management. It also suggests to us that mercury is regarded as severer pollutant than dioxin and other hazardous materials/events in Japan. Gaps between real toxicity and perceptual toxicity of mercury and other pollutants would be further study in terms of environmental education.
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