Taxonomy and phylogeny of powdery mildews on Quercus species in Korea
저자
발행사항
Seoul : Graduate School, Korea University, 2018
학위논문사항
학위논문(박사)-- 고려대학교 대학원: 환경생태공학과 2018. 2
발행연도
2018
작성언어
영어
주제어
발행국(도시)
서울
기타서명
한국산 참나무 흰가루병균의 분류 및 계통 연구
형태사항
xvii, 178장 : 천연색삽화, 도표 ; 26 cm
일반주기명
지도교수: 신현동
참고문헌 수록
DOI식별코드
소장기관
The family Erysiphaceae (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) is one of the largest plant-pathogenic groups, including seventeen genera and approximately 800 species. They cause powdery mildew diseases on more than 10,000 angiosperms worldwide. The powdery mildew fungi are obligate parasites, which are unculturable in artificial media; thus, their identification and classification have depended solely on morphological characteristics. However, for the past decade, DNA sequence-based approaches have revised the taxonomic system of this group. In addition, there was a global research attempt to investigate the powdery mildews’ geographical distribution and their host plants.
Species diversity of the powdery mildew fungi is abundant in oak trees, on which 40 species of four genera have been recorded worldwide. Although so far, three genera and ten species of powdery mildews have been listed to be parasitic to oaks in Korea, their species diversity still seemed to be underestimated, as it did not reflect the newly-established species concept of powdery mildews. The present study investigated the diversity, taxonomy, and phylogeny of oak powdery mildews in Korea, using the herbarium specimens housed in Korea University Herbarium (KUS-F) from 1988 to 2016. The current study, based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses, has found nine species parasitic to oaks in Korea, including a novel species (Phyllactinia acutissima), a new combination (Cystotheca kusanoi), and four species new to Korea: C. wrightii; Erysiphe alphitoides s.str.; E. epigena; and E. hypogena. Furthermore, this study confirmed the presence of the three species: E. japonica var. japonica; E. quercicola; and P. roboris, which were previously recorded in Korea but their existence remained uncertain.
The present study confirmed that three genera: Cystotheca, Erysiphe, and Phyllactinia, cause powdery mildew disease on oaks in Korea. Cystotheca lanestris, parasitic to six oak species in Korea, is distinct from C. lanestris, a well-known species in North America and Asia, based on morphological features and molecular analyses. Instead, the Korean specimens share morphological similarities with C. kusanoi, which was previously recorded in Japan, and DNA sequence analysis further confirmed that the isolates from Korean and Japanese collections are identical. Consequently, the results support the description of C. kusanoi comb. nov. In addition, the present study is the first reported C. wrightii infecting evergreen oak in Korea, with its detailed morphological characteristics, hyphal appressoria, and primary conidia, which were previously unknown. The presence or absence of fibrosin bodies was not described in detail in Cystotheca species but in the present study, the fibrosin bodies were not observed even on fresh samples of both C. kusanoi and C. wrightii. This finding suggests that at least some species of Cystotheca contain no conspicuous fibrosin bodies in their conidia and conidiophores.
Erysiphe alphitoides is one of the most famous powdery mildew species of oak worldwide, and is the most commonly recorded in Korea. In the present study, morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetic analysis were performed to discriminate E. alphitoides from other closely aligned species, referred as to the E. alphitoides species complex. As a result, this species complex split into four species: E. alphitoides s.str.; E. epigena; E. hypogena; and E. quercicola. Of those, E. epigena and E. hypogena are recorded in Korea for the first time. In addition, detailed morphological characteristics and host ranges were provided for E. alphitoides s.str. and E. quercicola.
Erysiphe japonica var. japonica was only reported in East Asia. Although it was first found in Korea in 1940, no previous evidence regarding its existence was available. Since 2012, many powdery mildew collections from oak trees have been identified as E. japonica var. japonica; thus, confirming its presence in Korea. Furthermore, a mating-type study of E. japonica var. japonica confirmed that the species is a heterothallic fungus.
The Phyllactinia species was recorded as an oak powdery mildew fungus in Korea, but its existence still remained unclear. In this regard, the present study confirmed two species of Phyllactinia occurring in Korea. Based on morphological data and molecular analyses, Phyllactinia species collected in Jeju Island was identical with P. roboris that was recorded in Japan. However, Phyllactinia speices collected inland was confirmed to be a distinct species from P. roboris, and it was identified as P. acutissima, a previously unrecorded species in Korea. Therefore, two Phyllactinia species were first recorded in Korea through this study, and morphological and sequence comparisons of Phyllactinia recorded in oak trees were undertaken.
The host plants for the oak powdery mildews recorded in Korea were previously identified based solely on morphological features according to the traditional plant classification system, which has not been rigorously reviewed afterwards. Therefore, the host range of powdery mildew diseases that infects them is also uncertain. In this regard, the comprehensive review of the species that were known as hosts for oak powdery mildews was made to resolve problems arising from the host ranges. This study confirmed that most powdery mildew species parasitize specific oak trees, but also discussed their host ranges and geographical distributions in Korea.
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