한국 新聞文章의 變遷에 관한 硏究 = (A) study on the changes in the writing style used in Korean newspapers
저자
발행사항
대전 : 忠南大學校 大學院, 1983
학위논문사항
학위논문(박사)-- 충남대학교 대학원: 국어국문학과 국문학전공 1983
발행연도
1983
작성언어
한국어
주제어
KDC
070.41 판사항(4)
발행국(도시)
대전
형태사항
128 p. ; 26 cm .
소장기관
A sentence may be defined as an expressive language using words to convey the mind, feelings and thoughts of human beings.
The society in which we live is full of events happening constantly and it is necessary to inform the public of such events and to criticize them. Writing style used for this purpose will he named "newspaper writing style" in this paper.
Writing styles used in newspapers for that particular purpose have a unique form of their own. The study of such writing styles may be part of the study of "messages" in communication. It may be helpful to the study of newspaper writing if the approach is made with respect to a study of writing styles used in general. Therefore, a study on the origin of Korean newspaper writings, the background of their development and their influence on and by the writing styles in general is expected to be useful for the understanding the writing styles of the past and also for reforming the styles of today.
This study will be made under the following hypotheses:
1. Writing styles in newspapers during the time of modernization may have been the ones developing towards newer styles, but the new styles were slow in developing due to the writers habitual use of Chinese characters.
2. Some changes in newspaper writing styles were brought about by the influence of the newspaper writers of those days, who had strong desires for modernization, and therefore, the styles probably began forming their own characteristics.
3. The newspaper writing styles before the liberation of Korea(1954) were probably influenced by those of the previous years, and the styles in the years after the 1960s influenced those of the following decades. It can he assumed that the writing styles already mentioned influenced not only the writing styles of newspapers themselves-the styles of the editorials and newspaper novels but also those of general editorials, literary novels and essays.
In this study the writing styles will be categorized under three parts :
A) a news writing style B) an editorial writing style and C) a novel writing style. The time frame to be covered in this study will be devided into four periods. In the method for the analysis of changes in characteristics of writing styles, particular attention will be paid to the forms of writing styles and expressions.
As a historical approach for the study of the typical writing styles of a certain period will he examined first with at least two sample sentences taken at random from the period in question. The styles will be analyzed by comparing those of the same period and by summarizing them from a historical point of view.
1. The newspaper writing styles before and after 1900:
The styles to be considered will he those used in the newspaper, Hansungsoonbo, published in 1883 Actually, the newspaper in those years was written using Chinese characters, and the use of both Korean letters and Chinese characters was not realized until 1886, when Hansungsoonbo was first published. At that time the writing styles were considered new.
The writing styles of Tongnipshinmoon, using Han-gul exclusively and those of Hwangsung Shinmoon, Daehan Maeil Shinbo and Mansebo, etc., published ten years after the publication of Hansungsoonbo, using both Korean letters and Chinese characters and exclusively Korean letters were effective as a means of conveying the contents of the newspapers.
However, the styles, though written entirely in Han-gul, can be characterized as being written in literary forms. In the case of editorials, the degree was even greater. Newspaper writing styles in general were not in complete agreement with spoken forms.
Another noticeable fact was that it was not easy to read and understand the articles because each was usually expressed using one lenthy sentence.
The writing styles of the first newspaper novel(1960) in Mansebo were quite different from those of classical ones. It may seem that these changes in styles were made by the strong reform minded newspaper men of the time, but the changes may well be considered to have been a result of the phenomena of changes in writing styles that had been used even before the existence of the newspapers.
Notably, both the writing styles in unmixed "Han-gul" and the editorial styles written in Korean letters and Chinese characters were influenced by the writing styles of previous years which had been used in translating Christian Bibles into Korean and the styles used in Soyoo Kyunrnoon Ki written by Yoo Kil Joon using both Korean letters and Chinese characters. The writing styles were brought about with the help of the study on Korean grammar in the years that followed 1900. Therefore, the writing styles in the years before and after 1900 are to be considered to have been patterned after the Japanese news writing styles of the period.
2. The newspaper writing styles in the 1920s.
The writing styles of the 1920s, when a few newspapers including Chosonilbo(1920) and Tongailbo(1920) were published, were found to be different from those of the previoms years. It was due to the appearance of headlines.
The newspaper writing styles using only Han-gul were in complete agreement with spoken forms. As in the case of previous years, a news article was expressed in a lengthy sentence, but the writing in spoken form was something new.
In case of editorial writing, it was written, using both Korean letters and Chinese characters, but the paragraphs were seperated from each other, spaces between the words were left, and the litetary forms were no longer observed.
In the case of newspaper novels, the styles were different from those in the past. Though a sentence was fairly long, it had clear expressions with a good usage of words in spoken form, and paragraphical writing in spoken form with sentence marks was considered a significant change in styles.
Such changes were probably made from a rational way of thinking on the part of the newspaper writers, as was the case in the years preceding and following 1900. In the period, the newspaper writers had a strong desire to take in foreign culture and the use of scientific and convenient ways of expression. However, these changing styles should be considered to have been influenced not by the newspaper writing styles but editorial styles and those in newspaper novels magazines published in the previous years.
Beginning in the first part of the 1900s, studies on Korean grammar were already in progress and in the period of the 1930s, the result of the studies had contributed to establishing a modern Korean language system.
The writers engaged in the magazines during the period were no less civilized, cultured and in possession of new learnings than those engaged in newspapers, and accordingly contributed greatly to the newspapers.
The magazines, Sonyun(1996), and Changjo(1918) were edited and published by those people, and the influence of those magazines not only upon the development of journalism but also upon the newspaper writing styles is considered absolutely phenomenal,
3. The newspaper writing styles in the years before and after 1940.
The characteristics of the writing styles in the years before and after 1945 may be classified under two categories.
The news writing styles in Chosonilbo and Tongailbo which were forced to discontinue publication in 1940 underwent only minimal development na dchanges in the years following the 1920s, but the styles were wholly new after the liberation of Korea. They were patterned after those of Western Europe.
One lengthy sentence was now broken into two to describe news facts and to better enable understanding of them. In editorial writings, the styles did not completely outgrow their former literary forms but a big change which could not be seen in the previous years was that a paragraph was usually made up of several sentences. It could be said that the styles of this kind were either imitations of or those used in the newspapers of the United States and/or other advanced foreign countries.
Even in a writing situation where our own words and our own letters could be freely used to print newspapers, unified styles were not to be seen, because systematized theory in the newspaper writing styles were not yet established. The newspapers which sprang up like mushrooms after a rainfall had distinctive styles of their own but leading newspapers had styles which could easily be employed to enlighten and fulfill their spiritual and cultural functions of the public. Editorials in the newspapers in the 1950s were written strictly using Han-gul. It could be well stated that the newspapers of the time fulfilled their missions as a means of social and psychological communication.
4. Newspaper writing styles in the 1960s.
In the 1960s this country was experiencing a change in almost every field. At last writing styles in newspapers entered into an era of concise expressions and abbreviations.
A news article in newspapers usually consisted of several paragraphs and some of the terms used in the sentences were abbreviated. Some names and expressions of certain things had transcriptions composed of several Chinese characters and some sentences were expressed in contracted forms by omitting verbs and using commas in place of verbs.
In the case of editorial writing, what used to be a lengthy sentence or two sentences was broken into three or four so that better reading and understanding was possible. What was notable was that there was a change in the form of headlines. A headline in newspaper writing is one of the basic structural elements and plays a significant role.
No headlines were used to seperate one article from another in the years around 1900. Instead some markings other than typed letters were used, and later, some letters were put before the leading sentence as a "headline" but it merely functioned as a title, not as a "headline". In the 1920s, adquate headlines with a number of lines in Chinese characters were used to summarize news and to play the leading role of the news article.
However, a headline of a news article in the 1940s, especially after the liberation of Korea, had fewer liner unlike those of the 1920s, for there was a leading sentence before the main body of an article. In these years also, Chinese characters were chiefly used.
The headlines of news articles following the years of the 1960s were characterized by their spoken forms. Most of the news articles in this period had a leading sentence, and for this reason fewer sentence for headlines were used than were in the 1940s.
The shorter sentences in the 1960s had influence not only upon the style of editorial writing of newspapers themselves and novels but also upon the style of writing in general.
A number of leading sentences in a news article characterized the newspaper writing style of the 1960s.
There are a few problematic areas to he considered in the style of modern newspaper writing: one is the vagueness of expressions, exaggeration of certain facts and abuse of slang and vulgar expressions; another is an abuse of abbreviated forms for headlines of news articles; and the third is an abuse and misuse of foreign words.
Finally, we, in modern society and an era of mass coummunication, get a great deal of information and knowledge primarily through reading newspapers. Therefore, their functions as newspapers can be best fulfilled when proper language is used.
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