(A)history of the Royal society, with memoris of the presidents . Volume1-2

목차 (Table of Contents)

• [Volume. 1]----------
• CONTENTS
• CHAPTER Ⅰ
• State of Literature and Science in Europe during the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries - Prevalence of Ecclesiastical Authority - Its baneful effect on Learning - Labours of Barlaam, Petrarch, and Boccaccio - Their zeal for Classical Literature - Restoration of Classical Learning in Italy - Discovery of Ancient Manuscripts - Patronage of learning by the Medici Family - Philosophy not advanced - Roger Bacon - Other English Philosophers - Leonardo da Vinci - His great philosophical acquirements - Establishes an Academy of Arts at Milan - Theoretical Reformers of Science in the Sixteenth Century - Cæsalpinus - Campanella - Ramus - Bruno - Galileo - Francis Bacon - Establishment of Scientific Societies - Institution of the Academia Secretorum Nature - Academy at Venice - Accademia dei Lyncei - Della Crusca - Del Cimento - Great number of Academies and Scientific Institutions founded in Italy - Their quaint Titles - Establishment of a Society of Antiquaries in England in 1572 - Its dissolution by James I. - Proposition for a Royal Academy in England - Curious Scheme for its Incorporation - Charles I. grants a Special License for establishing a Scientific Institution styled 'Minerva's Museum' - Objects of the Institution - Duties of the Professors - Scientific and Literary Societies in Germany - Their brief existence - Number of Books printed in the principal Cities of Europe from the Invention of Printing to the beginning of the Sixteenth Century - Establishment of the French Academy - Its subsequent Incorporation with the Academy of Sciences - First Institution for the Investigation of Science out of Italy established in England - Laplace's Opinion of Scientific Societies. = 1
• CHAPTER Ⅱ
• Origin of Royal society involved in some obscurity - Wallis's account - Oxford Philosophical Society - Their Regulations - Influential in promoting Establishment of Royal Society - Hooke's Answer to Cassini's Statement respecting the Society - Boyle's Account of the Invisible College - Sprat's description of Meetings at Gresham College - Interruption occasioned by Civil Wars - Evelyn's Design for a Philosophical College - Cowley's Proposition for the establishment of a College - Sir William Petty's Scheme for a Gymnasium Mechanicum, or College of Tradesmen - Plan of building a Philosophical Institution at Vauxhaill - Domestic troubles postpone the establishment of any Scientific or Literary Society. = 30
• CHAPTER Ⅲ
• The Restoration favourable to the establishment of a Philosophical Society - Burnet's Account of the Founders of the Royal Society - Bacon's Philosophy - His Instauration of the Sciences - New Atalantis - High opinion entertained of him by the eminent early Fellows of the Society - First Official Record of Royal Society - Rules and Regulations - Original Members - Design of the Society approved by Charles Ⅱ. - Experiments proposed - Reporters of Experiments - Manner of conducting Elections - Officers and Servants of the Society - Meetings contemplated at the College of Physicians = 55
• CHAPTER Ⅳ
• Large proportion of Physicians amongst the early Members of the Society - Profession of Medicine much cultivated at that period - Account of College of Physicians - Harvey's Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood supported by the Royal Society - Gresham College chosen as a place of meeting - Sir Thomas Gresham's Will - Gresham Professors - Description of College - Manner of holding the Meetings - Superstitions still believed in - Witchcraft - Touching for the Evil - Greatrix the Stroker - Believed in by Boyle - May - Dew - Virgula Divina - Happy effect exercised on these Superstitions by the labours of the Society. = 72
• CHAPTER Ⅴ
• Early Labours of the Society - Committee appointed to receive Experiments - Wren's Pendulum - Boyle's Air - Pump - Register - book opened - Questions sent to Teneriffe - Charles Ⅱ. sends Loadstones to the Society - Evelyn's Communications - Experiments made at the Tower - Glass Bubbles sent from the King - Sir Robert Moray elected President - Memoir of him - Communication respecting Barnacles - Time of Meeting determined - Pecuniary Difficulties - Letter from Duke Leopold - Wren requested to make a Globe of the Moon for Charles Ⅱ. - Boyle and Evelyn appointed Curators - Order to present Books to the Society - Duke of Buckingham orders his Chemist to send Charcoal to the society - Sir G. Talbot's Sympathetic Powder, and Cures - Virgula Divina - Charles Ⅱ. puts questions concerning the Sensitive Plant - Wren's paper on Saturn - The King sends papers - Hour of Meeting changed from two to three p.m. - Genoese Ambassador visits the Society - Graunt dedicates his book to the Society - Unicorn's Horn - The Society meet in Temple Church to see an Engine - Petition to the King - Incorporation of the Society - Deputation to wait upon the King - Preamble to Charter = 95
• CHAPTER Ⅵ
• Memoir of Lord Brouncker - The Society founded for Improvement of Natural Knowledge - Explanation of the term - The Society return thanks to the King - Their Address - Cowley's Ode to the Society - Incorporation of the Society a claim of respect to the memory of Charles Ⅱ. - The King proposes to endow the Society with lands in Ireland - Duke of Ormonde the manager of Irish Affairs - His political intrigues - Lord Brouncker addresses his Grace respecting the Society's claims - Lands intended for the Society granted to other parties - Sir William Petty's estimate of their value - First Statutes enacted - Experiments vigorously prosecuted - Hooke appointed Curator - His great zeal and energy - Second Charter = 123
• CHAPTER Ⅶ
• Evelyn's Designs for the Society's Armorial Bearings - Grant of Arms by the King - Registered in the Herald's College - First Meeting of the Council - Obligation of Fellows - Business of the Society - Mace given by Charles Ⅱ. - Described - Curious popular belief of its being the celebrated "Bauble" - Account of the Bauble - Mace - Letter from Mr. Swifte, Keeper of the Regalia - Warrant for making the Mace for the Royal Society = 142
• CHAPTER Ⅷ
• Sorbi$$\bprime e$$re's Account of his Visit to the Society - Sprat's Observations upon it. Moncony's Description of the Society - Anniversary celebrated by Fellows dining together - Charles Ⅱ. sends venison - Exertions to increase the Income of the Society - Petition to the King for grant of Chelsea College - Society issue their Warrant for the bodies of executed Criminals - Notice of Dissection sent to the Fellows - Sir J. Cutler founds a Professorship of Mechanics - Hooke appointed Professor and Curator - Has apartments in Gresham College - His Micrographia printed by license of Council - Dedicated to the Society - Appointment of Committees - Charter - book opened - Expected visit of Charles Ⅱ. - Publication of Transactions by Oldenburg - Dedication of First Number - Contents - Their sale - The Plague causes a suspension of the Meetings - Oldenburg remains London - His alarm - Council - Meetings resumed - Purchase of Mr. Colwall's Collection of Curiosities - Formation of Museum - Museum Tradescantium - Transferred to Oxford - Coffee - House Museums - Oldenburg's extensive Correspondence - Presents of Rarities - Weekly Meetings resumed - Masters of Pest - house send their Observations on the Plague to the Society - Experiment of Transfusion of Blood - Great Fire of London interrupts the Meetings - The Society meet in Arundel House - Hooke's Model for rebuilding the City - The Duke of Norfolk presents his Library to the Society - Account of it. - Duchess of Newcastle visits the Society - Arrest of Oldenburg - Warrant for his confinement in the Tower - His innocence and release - His letter to Boyle - The Society obtain possession of Chelsea College - Its dilapidated state - Scheme of building a College - Contributions of the Fellows towards the building - Wren furnishes Design - Never carried out - Patent granting Chelsea College, and additional privileges = 166
• CHAPTER Ⅸ
• Committee concerning Chelsea College - Proposition from Evelyn and a Nobleman respecting it - Resolution to let it - Cosmo Ⅲ. Grand Duke of Tuscany visits the Society - Experiment of Transfusing the Blood of a Sheep into a Man - Popular Belief respecting Transfusion - Queen orders Thermometer to be made for her by the Society - Natural - History Collections made by order of the Society - Letters of recommendation given by the Council - Flamateed's first Communication to the Society - Communications from Malpighi - Letter from Newton - Enemies of the Society - Glanvill's Plus Ultra - Poverty of the Society - Boyle lends Philosophical Apparatus - Wager of Charles Ⅱ. - Newton proposed as Candidate by the Bishop of Salisbury - His Election - Sends his Reflecting Telescope to the Society - Supposed by some parties abroad to be a Maker of Telescopes - His Discoveries respecting Light - His gratitude to the Society - Controversies - Bishop Wilkins leaves a Legacy to the Society - The Society invited to return to Gresham College - Leuwenhoeck's Microscopical Communications - Presents his Microscopes to the Society - Society give his daughter a silver bowl - Pecuniary Difficulties - Means taken to collect Arrears - Obligation to furnish Scientific Communications and Experiments - Newton exempted from paying his Subscription - Erection of Greenwich Observatory - Flamsteed appointed Astronomer - Royal - Society lend their Instruments to the Observatory - Peter the Great visits the Observatory - Astronomical Science neglected by Government - Valuable Communications from Travellers - Pains taken by the Society to procure information - Curious Account of Asbestos - Death of Oldenburg - Biographical Notice of him - Lord Brouncker resigns the Presidency = 215
• CHAPTER Ⅹ
• Memoir of Sir J. Williamson - Norfolk Library removed to Gresham College - Rules for its preservation - Halley elected - Observatory at Gresham College - Monument used for Astronomical purposes - Philosophical Collections published by Hooke - His Salary increased - Sir J. Williamson resigns - Boyle chosen President - His reasons for declining the Office - Wren elected - Memoir of him - Grew's Catalogue of the Society's Museum - Chelsea College sold by Wren - Admission of Fellows made more difficult - Wren retires from the Presidency - Evelyn solicited to become President - Declines - Sir John Hoskyns elected - Memoir of him - Publication of Transactions resumed - Experiments made - Present of Curiosities from China - Limited state of Knowledge of Foreign Countries - Sir John Hoskyns resigns - Sir Cyril Wyche elected President - Memoir of him - Papin elected a Curator - His Bone - digester - Curious Account of a Supper prepared by him for the Fellows - His Steam - Engine Inventions - Croonian Lecture - Lady Sadleir's Legacy - Lister's Geological Maps - Lord Clarendon's Present of Minerals - Resignation of Sir Cyril Wyche - Pepys elected President - Sir Thomas Molyneux's Account of the Society = 262
• CHAPTER XI
• Memoir of Samuel Pepys - Establishment of the Dublin Philosophical Society - Their Rules - Auxiliary to Royal Society - Mr. Aston resigns the Secretaryship - New Office created - Appointment of Halley as Clerk - His Duties - Attempt to establish a Philosophical Society at Cambridge - Newton's Letter on the subject - Death of Charles Ⅱ. - His indifference to the Society - Sends recipe for curing Hydrophobia - Manuscript of Principia presented to the Society - Halley's Letter respecting it - Council order it to be printed - Halley undertakes its publication - Correspondence with Newton - Fac - simile of Title - page - Pepys resigns - Lord Carbery chosen President - Memoir of him - Hooke proposes to deliver a weekly Lecture - The Society in debt - Obliged to pay for Apartments in Gresham College - Professors let their Rooms - Scientific Business - Lord Carbery resigns - Lord Pembroke elected President = 295
• CHAPTER XII
• Memoir of Lord Pembroke - Anxiety to continue the Transactions - Evelyn again solicited to become President - Declines - Election of Sir R. Southwell - Memoir of him - Advertisement to Transactions - Uninterrupted publication since 1691 - Death of Boyle - Eulogium on him - Leaves his Minerals to the Society - His great respect for the Society - He deposits sealed packets - Huyghens's A$$\ddot e$$rial Telescope - glasses - Sir R. South-well retires from the Chair - Charles Montague elected - Memoir of him - Dr. Woodward's Geological Works - His Scientific Labours in the Society - Accused of insulting Sir Hans Sloane - Expelled the Council - Institutes legal proceedings - Is defeated - Resignation of Mr. Montague - Election of Lord Somers as President = 321
• CHAPTER XIII
• Memoir of Lord Somers - Committee appointed to wait upon him - Society receive valuable present from the East India Company - Halley sails on a Scientific Expedition - Mr. Jones sent by the Society on an Expedition of Discovery - Resolution not to give opinions in Scientific Controversies - The Transactioneer - Dr. Woodward disowns the Work - Favour shown to the Academy of Sciences - Letter of M. Geoffroy - Zeal of Sir Hans Sloane - Savery exhibits his Steam - engine - Presents Drawing of it to the Society - Receives a Certificate - Performance of the Engine - Death of Hooke - His interest in the Society - His design of endowing the Society - His Wealth - Proposal to rebuild Gresham College - Wren furnishes plan of rooms for the Society - Scheme abandoned - The Society resolve on building or buying a House - Lord Somers resigns - Sir Isaac Newton elected President = 338
• CHAPTER XIV
• Memoir of Sir Isaac Newton - His constant attendance at the Meetings - Presents his Optics to the Society - Prince George of Denmark elected - Requested by the Society to print Flamsteed's Observations - He consents to defray the Expense - Committee appointed to superintend the Publication - Flamsteed's Dissatisfaction - Painful Dispute - He burns the Historia Cœlelestis - Prints a more perfect edition at his own expense - Newton's Propositions for Financial Improvements - Papin's Proposal to construct Steam - vessel - Edinburgh Philosophical Society - Death of Sir G. Copley - His Bequest - Devoted at first to Experiments - Gold Medal afterwards adopted - Awarded to Dr. Franklin - Mercers' Company give notice of their intention to withhold Apartments - Petition to the Queen for Land in Westminster - Application to Trustees of Cotton Library - Purchase of Dr. Brown's House in Crane Court - Objections by some of the Fellows - Proceedings of Council with respect to the Removal - First Meeting in Crane Court - Regret of the Gresham Professors on the Departure of the Society = 367
• CHAPTER XV
• House occupied by the Society in Crane Court - Fellows subscribe to defray the expense of Repairs - Ode by a Frenchman to the Society - Society appointed Visitors of Royal Observatory, by Royal Warrant - Flamsteed's Vexation - His Conduct on the occasion - Visitors examine the Observatory - Recommend Repairs and new Instruments - Ordnance decline to undertake the work - The Queen wishes the Society to take care of the Observatory - Appointment of celebrated Committee on the disputed Invention of Fluxions - Historical Account of the Dispute - Report of Committee - Society adopt the Report - Leibnitz dissatisfied - Appeals to the Society through Chamberlayne - Society confirm the Report of their Committee in favour of Newton - Remarkable Error of Writers on this Subject - Probable Origin of the Error - Foreign Ambassadors attend the Meetings - Experiments exhibited before them - Queen orders her Foreign Ministers to assist in promoting the Objects of the Society - Fossil Remains sent from America - Philosophical Society established at Spalding - Curious List of the Fellows published - Bequests to the Royal Society - Foreign Secretary appointed - Opinion of Attorney - General - Petition to George I. for Licence to purchase or hold lands in Mortmain - King grants the prayer of the Society = 398
• CHAPTER XVI
• Impetus given to the Study of Meteorology - Illness of Newton - His last Attendance at the Society - His Death - His intention of endowing the Society - Speculates in South Sea Scheme - His Order to purchase Stock - His Sun - dial presented to the Society - Portraits of him - Original Mask of his Face - Lock of his Hair - Sir Hans Sloane elected President - Memoir of him - Proposes an Address to George Ⅱ. - His Majesty becomes the Patron of the Society - Important changes made in the Statutes - Proposition to limit the number of Fellows - Opinion of Lord Chancellor Hardwicke - Certificates for Candidates first used - Their great Value - Diplomas - Foreign Members exempted from Payments - Society purchase Estate at Acton - Practice of Inoculation promoted - Prince of Wales visits the Society - Experiments made before him - Dr. Watson's Electrical Experiments - Science of Electricity originates from Royal Society - Large amount of Scientific Business - Experiments on Ether - Society at Peterborough - Donation to Museum - Botanical Specimens sent from Apothecaries' Garden at Chelsea, by order of Sir Hans Sloane - Pecuniary Embarrassment of the Society - Sir Hans Sloane resigns - Thanks of Society given to him - His great attachment to the Society - Martin Folkes elected President = 434
• CHAPTER XVII
• Memoir of Martin Folkes - His Acquirements more Literary than Scientific - Sir John Hill's Review of the Royal Society - Death of Halley - Formation of Royal Society Club - Originally entitled 'Club of Royal Philosophers' - Their Rules - Receive presents of Venison, &c. - Cost of Dining - Present Rules - List of Members - Philosophical Club - Their Rules - Original Members - Fairchild Lecture instituted - Dr. Knight receives Copley Medal - Discovery of Nutation by Bradley - Harrison's Chronometers - The Copley Medal awarded - Authorities request the assistance of the Society to ventilate Newgate - Sanitary Measures taken by Sir John Pringle - Canton's Method of making Artificial Magnets - He receives the Copley Medal - Dr. Gowan Knight's Method - Controversy between Canton' and Michell - Letter from Dr. Priestley - Change of Style - Tables prepared by Mr. Daval, Secretary to the Society - Assistance afforded by Father Walmsley - Alterations proposed by Lord Macclesfield in the mode of publishing the Transactions - Committee of Papers appointed - Advertisement in the Volume for 1753 - Cost of Printing the Transactions - Translation of the Transactions published in Italy - Resignation of Martin Folkes - Earl of Macclesfield chosen President - Mr. Folkes leaves the Society in a prosperous condition - Large number of Visitors to the Meeting - Stukeley's notice of the Meetings - His description of a Geological Soir$$e'$$e - Conceives Corals to be Vegetables = 479
• [Volume. 2]----------
• CONTENTS
• CHAPTER Ⅰ
• Memoir of Lord Macclesfield - Society of Arts established - Letters from Dr. Peck - Dr. Franklin elected into the Society - Account of his Election - He communicates a Paper on his Electrical Kite - Dollond's Optical Discoveries - He receives the Copley Medal - Measures taken by the Society to observe the Transit of Venus - Their Letter on the subject to the Lords of the Treasury - Government defrays the expenses of Observing the Transit - Maskelyne proceeds to St. Helena - Messrs. Mason and Dixon ordered to go to Bencoolen - Vessel in which they sail, engages a French Ship of War - Their alarm - They refuse to proceed on the Expedition - Letter from the Council to them - They sail to the Cape of Good Hope - Transit observed at various places in England - Solar Parallax deduced by Short and Horusby - Accession of George Ⅲ. to the Throne - The Society present an Address to His Majesty - He becomes the Patron of the Society - Their Royal Highnesses the Dukes of York and Cumberland elected Fellows of the Society - Death of Lord Macclesfield - Lord Morton chosen President = 1
• CHAPTER Ⅱ
• Memoir of Lord Morton - The Society draw up Regulations for the Astronomer - Royal - Appointed Visitors of the Observatory by George Ⅲ. - Astronomical Observations printed - Messrs Mason and Dixon engaged by the Society to measure a Degree of Latitude in North America - Maskelyne prepares the necessary Instructions - Canton exhibits his Experiments on the Compressibility of Water - Copley Medal awarded to him - Transit of Venus in 1769 - Measures taken by the Society to observe the Transit - Petition to the King - His Majesty grants the Society 40001. to defray the Expenses - The Astronomer - Royal prepares Instructions for the Observers - Letter from him to Dr. Lind - Captain Cook and Mr. Green sent to the Pacific - Messrs. Dymond and Wales to Hudson's Bay - Sir joseph Banks sails in the Expedition with Cook - Letters from Captain Cook - Account of the Observations - Solar Parallax deduced by Hornsby - Death of Lord Morton - James Burrow chosen President by the Council - Activity of the Society under the Presidency of Lord Morton - Presents made to the Museum - Composition for Subscriptions increased - The Election of Foreigners rendered more difficult - King of Denmark requests to be elected a Fellow of the Society = 23
• CHAPTER Ⅲ
• Memoir of Sir James Burrow - Grosley's Account of the Society - James West chosen President - Memoir of him - Dr. Smith leaves a Legacy to the Society - Piece of Plate presented by the Society to Mr. West - income of Society increases - Scientific Communications from Dr. Priestley - His Letters to Mr. Canton - Expedition of Discovery under Captain Cook - Society furnish Instructions for the Expedition - Letter from Dr. Priestley - Death of Mr. West - Sir James Burrow chosen President until the Anniversary - Election of Sir John Pringle - Memoir of him - Address of thanks to the King - Copley Medal awarded to Priestley - Address of Sir John Pringle - Proposition to award Medal to Priestley in 1767 - Letter from Dr. Franklin - Hon. Dames Barrington proposes Expedition to the North Polo - Letter from the Council to Lord Sandwich - Admiralty determine on fitting out an Expedition - Instructions prepared by the Society - Failure of the Expedition - Memorial to the Admiralty, recommending a second Expedition - Captain Cook sails as Commander - His Death - Daily Meteorological Observations commenced - Continued for seyenty years - Transferred to Greenwich - Experiments to ascertain the Density of the Earth - Letter from Maskelyne - Result of the Experiments - Copley Medal awarded to Maskelyne - Scientific Labours of the Society - Exchange of Natural - history Specimens with the King of Spain = 45
• CHAPTER Ⅳ
• Revision of Statutes - Institution of the Bakerian Lecture - Communications by John Hunter - Receives the Copley Medal - Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's request the Society to protect the Cathedral from Lightning - Government apply to the Society to affix Lightning Conductors to Powder Magazines - Committee appointed - Recommend Franklin's pointed Conductors - Mr. Wilson dissents - Controversy - George Ⅲ. interferes - Quarrel assumes a political character - Sir John Pringle resigns - Receives the thanks of the Society - Sir Joseph Banks elected President - Memoir of him = 85
• CHAPTER Ⅴ
• Government announce their intention of providing Apartments for the Society in Somerset House - Limited Accommodation - Letters from Sir William Chambers - The Society present their Repository to the British Museum - Specimens in Comparative Anatomy preserved in the College of Surgeon - The Society leave Crane Court - Take possession of their Apartments in Somerset House - Historical Account of Somerset House - Address of Sir Joseph Banks, at the First Anniversary Meeting in Somerset House - Anniversary Dinners - Medal struck in honour of Captain Cook - Bust of Charles Ⅱ. carved by Nollekens for the Society - Sir Joseph Banks' interest in the Society - The Margrave of Anspach and the Duke of Gloucester visit the Society - Sir William Herschel discovers Uranus - He receives the Copley Medal - Science of Chemistry much cultivated by the Society - Chemical Society - Meet at Chapter Coffee - House - Letters from Franklin = 119
• CHAPTER Ⅵ
• Dissensions in the Society - Determination of Sir Joseph Banks to watch over the Election of Fellows - Causes him to be unpopular - The Council conceive the Duties of the Foreign Secretary to have been neglected - Dr. Hutton resigns that office - Thanks voted to him by the Society - Dr. Hutton's Defence - Party against the President - Dr. Horsley becomes Leader of the Opposition - Large Meeting of the Society - Resolution in favour of the President - Temporary cessation of Dissensions - Present of a Pamphlet against the Society - Sir Joseph Banks refuses to propose the usual Thanks of the Society to the Donor - Dr. Horsley moves that Thanks be given - Mr. Maty alone supports his Motion - Several Members take part in the Debate - Mr. Maty(Secretary) resigns - Dr. Blagden appointed his Successor, in opposition to Dr. Hutton - Restoration of Tranquillity - Anniversary Address of President - Controversy respecting the Discovery of the Composition of Water = 151
• CHAPTER Ⅶ
• The Society petition George Ⅲ. for Funds to commence a Geodætical Survey - General Roy appointed to act under the direction of the Council - Ramsden constructs the Instruments - His want of punctuality - Account of Operations - Copley Medal awarded to General Roy - President's Address on the occasion - Sir Joseph Banks lays before George Ⅲ. Sir William Herschel's plan for constructing a large Reflecting Telescope - The King defrays the Expense - Construction of the large Reflector - Herschel's Account of it - Letter from Sir John Herschel descriptive of its present state - Hersehelian Telescope Song - Lord Stanhope's Legacy to the Society - Prince of Wales, and Dukes of York and Cumberland, elected Fellows - The Society present Congratulatory Addresses to the King and Queen - Linnean Society established - Volta sends account of his Electrical Discoveries to the Royal Society - Copley Medal awarded to him - Sir William Jones presents his Oriental Manuscripts to the Society - Sir Clifton Wintringham's Bequest - Sir Everard Home's Physiological Labours - Count Rumford's Endowment - Memoir of him - Medal bearing his name - Letters from him - He is awarded the First Medal - Experiments by Cavendish to ascertain the Density of the Earth - Mr. Baily's Experiments - Results arrived at - Contribution towards defraying War Expenses - Retrospective Financial Review - income and Expenditure of the Society = 186
• CHAPTER Ⅷ
• Establishment of the Royal Institution - The Members co - operate with the Royal Society - Scientific Discoveries wade at the Royal Institution communicated to the Royal Society - Numerous Scientific Committees appointed at the request of Government - Report on Gas - Works - Dr. Young's Undulatory Theory of Light - Foreign Secretary - Establishment of the Society for the Promotion of Animal Chemistry - Letter from Mr. Brande - Establishment of the Geological Society - Memorial of the Royal Society respecting Greenwich Observatory - Communication from the Secretary of State - Appointment of a Committee for ascertaining the length of a Pendulum with reference to a Standard Measure - History of Standard Measures - Early Indifference of the Legislature on the subject - Standard Yard of 1758 - Bill for Uniform System of Measures - Commission appointed - Captain Kater's Experiments - Reports of Commissioners - New Act of Parliament - Standard Yard destroyed - New Commission of Weights and Measures appointed - Experiments of eminent Fellows of the Society to ascertain the Figure of the Earth - Biot's gratitude to Sir Joseph Banks = 230
• CHAPTER Ⅸ
• The Society resume the consideration of the North - west Passage - Letter to the Admiralty from the Council - Lord Melville's Answer - Admiralty resolve on sending out an Expedition - The Society requested to prepare Instructions - Committee appointed - Colonel Sabine and Mr. Fisher accompany the Expedition - Scientific Results - Colonel Sabine's Experiments - Board of Commissioners for the Discovery of the Longitude - Sir Humphry Davy's Discoveries - His Memoir on Chemical Agencies - Elected Secretary - His Safety - Lamp - Receives the Medals of the Society - Death of George Ⅲ. - Address of the Society to George Ⅳ - His Majesty becomes the Patron of the Society - Warrant re - appointing the Society Visitors of the Royal Observatory - Present Visitors - Letter from Mr. Airy - Establishment of the Royal Astronomical Society - Illness of Sir Joseph Banks - Resigns the Presidency - The Society refuse to accept his Resignation - Sir Joseph consents to remain in Office - The King expresses his satisfaction at this Determination - Death of Sir Joseph Banks - Letter from Lord Aberdeen - Statue of Sir J. Banks - Dr. Wollaston elected President - Memoir of him - Copley Medal awarded to Oersted - Dr. Wollaston's Address - He resigns the Office of President - Sir Humpbry Davy elected = 274
• CHAPTER Ⅹ
• Memoir of Sir Humphry Davy - His great Popularity - Large Attendance at the Meetings of the Society - Davy's Discourse at the Anniversary - Scientific Labours of the Society - Communication from the French Academy - Commissioners appointed to connect the Meridians of Paris and Greenwich by Trigonometrical Operations - Numerous Committees appointed - Admiralty request the Opinion of the Society upon Coal - Tar, and Copper Sheathing - Committees appointed - Davy's Experiments on Sheet - Copper - He discovers a Method of Protecting Copper from Corrosion - Evils of his Method - Anti - Corrosive Copper abandoned - Davy's Mortification - Society recommend Government to increase the number of Officers at the Royal Observatory = 318
• CHAPTER XI
• The Society receive a Letter from the Treasury respecting Mr. Babbage's Calculating Machine - Letter from Mr. Babbage to Sir H. Davy - A Committee appointed to consider Mr. Babbage's Plan - They Report in favour of it - Mr. Babbage has an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer - Government advance 1500L - Difference - Engine commenced - Mr. Babbage gives all his labour gratuitously - Advice of the Society again requested - Mr. Babbage' statement - Committee appointed to inspect the Engine - Their Report - Heavy Expenses not met by the Treasury - Meeting of Mr. Babbage's personal friends - Their Report - Duke of Wellington inspects the Works - His Grace recommends the Treasury to make further Payments - Letter from Mr. Babbege to the Treasury - Communication from the Treasury to the Council - Referred to a Committee - Report of Committee - They recommend the Works to be removed to the vicinity of Mr. Babbage's Residence - Government act on the Recommendation - Fire - proof Buildings erected - Misunderstanding with Mr. Clement - Works stopped - Mr. Babbage discovers new principles which supersede those connected with the Difference - Engine - He requests an interview with Lord Melbourne - Letter to M. Quetelet explaining the principles of Analytical - Engine - Mr. Babbage visits Turin - M. Menabrea's Account of the Engine - Translated with Notes by Lady Lovelace - Mr. Babbage applies to Government for their Determination - Letter from the Chancellor of the Exchequer - Mr. Babbage's Answer - Government resolve not to proceed with the Engine - Mr. Babbags has an interview with Sir R. Peel - Difference - Engine placed in the Museum of King's College - Present State of the Analytical - Engine = 369
• CHAPTER XII
• Harris's Lightning - Conductors - The Admiralty request the Society's Opinion - Revision of Statutes - Committee for the Improvement of Glass - Letter from Dr. Faraday - Inquiry into the State of Gas - Works - Letter from Sir Robert Peel - Foundation of Royal Medals - First Award of Medals - Duke of Sussex's Explanation - Resolutions of Council respecting the Medal - North Polar Expedition - Letter from Sir E. Parry - Declining Health of Sir Humphry Davy - Letter from him - Resigns the Presidency - Thanks of the Society voted to him - Mr. Davies Gilbert elected President = 392
• CHAPTER XIII
• Memoir of Davies Gilbert - The Society obtain additional Accommodation in Somerset House - Royal Medal awarded to Davy - Colonel Sabine's Papera on Terrestrial Magnetism - Their importance - Halley's Vaziation Chart - Dip of the Needle - Magnetism of the Earth investigated by several Philosophers - Humboldt proposes the Establishment of Magnetical Observatories - His Letter to the Duke of Sussex - Royal Society memorialize Government to establish Observatories - Report of Committee of Physics - East India Company found Observatories - Activity of these Institutions - Invention of Self - registering Magnetometers - Donation Fund - Letter from Dr. Wollaston - Presents a large quantity of Platinum mid Palladium to the Society - Sale of Arundel Manuscripts - Bridgewater Treatises - Committee of Meteorology - Water - Barometer - Description of it - Death of George Ⅳ. - The Society address William Ⅳ. - The King becomes Patron of the Society - Davies Gilbert resigns - The Duke of Sussex elected President = 419
• CHAPTER XIV
• Retrospective Review of the Labours of the Society - Comparison between the Society and the French Institute - Independence of the Royal Society - Present State of Science at Oxford - Actual Condition of the Royal Society - Statutes - Session - Ordinary Meetings - Council Meetings - Scientific Committees - Special Committees - Philosophical Transactions - Proceedings - Library - Property of the Society - Income - Expenditure - Number of Fellows - Limited Accommodation - Expediency of providing suitable Premises for the Leading Chartered Societies - Conclusion = 461
• APPENDIX = 479