1970년대 미국 대외원조정책의 변화와 한국 주택문제 개입 - 주택금융시장의 형성과 재편을 중심으로 - = Changes in United States’ Korean Aid program in the 1970s, and its involvement in Korean Housing - Examination of the formation of the Housing Finance market, and the changes it went through -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Examined in this article is how the U.S. government intervened in South Korea’s housing issue, in the wake of U.S.’ own modification of its Korean aid program during the 1970s. Intended here is to reevaluate the role such program actually played, and reexamine its very nature too. Primarily analyzed here are the contents that were changed, as well as the new objective of such program, which reveals the fact that U.S. was particularly interested in the housing issues of South Korea. Housing is still a big issue today in the Korean society, and the birth of the housing finance market in Korea seems to have been a product of a situation where U.S. Cold-war strategy and the Korean society’s domestic changes happened to cross paths. Hopefully an examination on that would provide us with a clue to the nature and goal of U.S.’ Korean relief program of the 1970s.
In the late 1960s, the U.S. government was feeling a need to modify its own foreign relief program. After President Nixon was sworn in, the U.S. government made it a point to boost efficiency in foreign aid and stabilize the 3rd World countries. During the 1970s, U.S. aimed to support stabilization of those countries while also implanting administrative institutions which would serve to enforce free market economy in the future, and that was exactly what U.S. did in South Korea in the 1970s. U.S. was especially interested in Housing issues, and by establishing institutions concerning housing finances, it intended to lay out the foundation for a ‘modernized’ market of financial capital for the very first time in Korea. In other words, while U.S. intended to stabilize the Korean society, it also intended to spread a Capitalist economic order led by the U.S. inside Korea.
U.S. aid of Korean housing played an important rule in enlarging the Korean housing market and growth of the Korean housing industry. Yet the ultimate goal of the modified aid program, the institutionalization of a housing finance market in Korea, was delayed due to a clash of interest with the South Korean government which wanted to distribute and spend resources according to its own plan and need. The development strategy of the Park Jeong-hi regime aggravated social inequality, and the Yushin system was later dismantled. The new military regime expanded customer-oriented financial support as suggested by the U.S., and promoted enhanced autonomy within the financial market as well. Construction companies which already grew to become ‘Jaebeol’ conglomerates preferred the idea of boosting the economy with said methods, and in addition wanted new effective demands to be created. In the process, the Korean population and not to mention the Korean financial market was gradually absorbed into the U.S.-led Capitalist world economy of finance, while being exposed to the nature of uncertainty, such global order most clearly manifested.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 지주형, "한국 신자유주의의 기원과 형성" 책세상 2011
• 2 임서환, "주택정책 반세기" 대한주택공사 2002
• 3 김용호, "주택재개발의 이론과 실제" 사법행정문화원 1995
• 4 김연금, "옥수동 AID 차관재개발 정책 실행 과정에 관한 연구" 서울학연구소 (28) : 101-132, 2007
• 5 발레리 줄레조, "아파트 공화국" 후마니타스 2007
• 6 김형국, "불량주택 재개발론" 나남출판 1995
• 7 허은, "박정희정권하 사회개발 전략과 쟁점" 고려사학회 (38) : 213-248, 2010
• 8 배영목, "박정희 정부의 금융정책과 금융발전" 한국경제발전학회 18 (18): 1-36, 2012
• 9 전창환, "박정희 모델과 신자유주의 사이에서" 함께읽는책 2004
• 10 정일준, "미제국의 제3세계 통치와 근대화이론-군산학복합체와 근대화이론의 탄생-" 비판사회학회 57 : 5-147, 2003
• 11 김정배, "미국, 유신, 그리고 냉전체제" 한국미국사학회 38 : 151-190, 2013
• 12 그렉 브레진스키, "대한민국 만들기, 1945~1987" 책과함께 2011
• 13 필립 맥마이클, "거대한 역설" 교양인 2013
• 14 Michael E. Latham, "The Right Kind of Revolution : Modernization, Development and U. S. Foreign Policy" Cornell University Press 2013
• 15 David Ekbladh, "The Great American Mission : Modernization and the Construction of an American World Order" Princeton University Press 2010
• 16 Odd Arne Westad, "Global Cold War : Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times" Cambridge University Press 2007
• 17 Nancy H. Kwak, "A World of Homeowners : American Power and the Politics of Housing Aid" The University of Chicago Press 2015
• 18 김아람, "1970년대 주택정책의 성격과 개발의 유산" 역사문제연구소 17 (17): 47-84, 2013
• 19 전강수, "1970년대 박정희 정권의 강남개발" 역사문제연구소 16 (16): 9-40, 2012
• 20 김재원, "1960년대 후반 서울시 주택정책과 ‘중산층’문제 인식" 한국사연구회 (175) : 319-363, 2016
• 21 정다혜, "1960년대 박정희 정부의 주택정책과 주택사업의 시장화" 연세대학교 2015