특집 번역의 동아시아적 시공간과 한국문학 : 고등학교 국어교과서 소재 외국문학 연구 -제1∼4차 교육과정을 중심으로- = A Study of Foreign Literature in Korean High School Textbooks -From the First to Fourth National Curriculums-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Textbooks are a medium intended to convey educational content, and such content tends to be deliberately selected and organized by a state. The educational value of textbook content is therefore specific to particular states, and closely correlated with the educational institutions and educational goals of individual states. Thus, it is worth scrutinizing the foreign literature which appears in Korean textbooks to see how this reflects the educational goals and ideology of the Korean state. In this paper, I focus on Korean high-school textbooks from the First and Fourth national curriculums. In particular, I analyze Les etoiles by Alphonse Daudet, Was traurig macht by Anton Schnack, and The Last Leaf by O. Henry which are among the most frequently selected foreign literary works during the targeted period. Although these literary works are not closely identified with state ideologies, specifically nationalism and anticommunism, it is not surprising that these particular pieces were selected for Korean textbooks, since they clearly reflect the cultural and social circumstances of Korea during the period. First, the advent of the “lyrical novel” allowed for the selection of Daudet’s Les etoiles in Korean literature textbooks. The concept of the lyrical novel rejects direct political engagement and instead emphasizes the role of literature in exploring social issues. Lyricism, considered as a counterweight to left-wing literature, has been coopted by regimes which are explicitly anticommunist. Les etoiles, despite its motif of social problems such as class distinctions, was seen as possessing great educational value in its depiction of the ego as being fused into a conflict-free world. Regarded as the epitome of lyrical novels, Les etoiles has appeared frequently in Korean textbooks. The educational goals during the period also enabled the introduction of Shnack’s Was traurig macht into the Korean national curriculum. From the First to the Fourth national curriculums, the cultivation of emotions and the formation of individuality were specified as educational goals for high school literature classes. The sadness expressed in Was traurig macht was thus seen as a fact of life, divorced from any political context；and the understanding of individuality fostered in Korean textbooks was primarily concerned with establishing harmonious relationships to promote the interests of the state, thus reducing the potential for any conflict with the regime in power. Finally, in The Last Leaf, the function of art is confined to its role in the service of the people. This limited function not only restricts the subjectivity of artists, but narrows the boundaries of art itself. Indeed, the depiction of art in O. Henry’s piece evokes the period immediately following independence from Japanese rule, when art in Korea was strictly controlled through governmental censorship.

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